Zsolnay工厂的修复

Zsolnay工厂的修复
The Rehabilitation of the Zsolnay Factory

乌吉拉尼/新方向景观设计师：Zsolnay区分为南部和北部。更大的北部地区——作为Zsolnay家族生活空间的一部分——最初是作为一个英国景观花园创建的，与家族自己的作品交织在一起，就像童话故事一样。另一方面，南部地区可以被解释为北部地区的对立面。这是工厂的一种能源，确保了功能运行的基本要素：
Ujirany / New Directions Landscape Architects: The area of Zsolnay Quarter is divided into a southern and a northern part. The much bigger northern part – as part of the Zsolnay family’s living space – was originally created as an English landscape garden, interlaced with the family’s own works as in a fairy tale. On the other hand, the southern area could be interpreted as the counterpole of the northern part. It was a kind of a source of energy for the factory that ensured the essentials for functional operation:

由于现场靠近铁路，原材料被存放在这里，制造过程所需的水来自曾经流经该地区的河流。由于该场地的纯工业功能，建筑周围的区域完全铺砌，在设计过程开始时，铺砌肯定是混乱的：到处都是沥青或混凝土，在其他一些地方可以看到原来的熟料铺路砖，就像一个旧的装载坡道一样，支撑墙或巨大的混凝土平台。
raw materials were deposited here because of the site’s proximity to the railway, and water required for manufacturing processes was drawn from a stream that once ran through the area. Because of the site’s purely industrial functions, the areas around the buildings were totally paved, and at the time that the design process began the paving was definitely chaotic: here and there with asphalt or concrete, in some other places the original clinker paver bricks coulod be seen, just as well as an old loading ramp, a supporting wall or a huge concrete terrace.

The Rehabilitation of the Zsolnay Factory

Zsolnay区的南部区域作为校园的一部分，景观设计的概念基础是由该工业区的原始条件形成的。根据规划，该地区唤起了继承的过程，将废弃的工业区改造成一个景观，创造出这样一个空间环境，通过这些“开放的句子”来激发大学生的灵感。整个花园为学生的日常生活创造了框架，当他们拥有并按照自己的要求实施时，花园就变得完整了。环境可分为两部分：自然景观区（大学花园）位于停车场和铁路区之间的东侧，另一部分位于西侧，由大学建筑包围，可定义为学生个人区域（大学庭院）。
The southern area of Zsolnay Quarter functions as a part of a campus, and the basis of concept of the landscape design was formed by the original conditions of this industrial area. According to the plans, the area evokes the process of succession, which transformes the abandoned industrial area into a landscape, creating such a spatial situation that is qualified for inspiring the university students by these “open sentences”. The garden, in its entirety, creates frames for the students’ everyday life and becomes complete when they take possession of it and implement it by their own demands. The environment can be divided into two parts: the natural landscape area (the university garden) lies on the eastern side between the parking garage and the railway area, the other one is a place on the western side, surrounded by the university buildings, that can be defined as the student’s personal area (the university courtyard).

在大学花园的景观花园中，各种各样的空间环境和自然环境为各种娱乐项目提供了机会，或者说大部分是可以提供的。工厂院子的痕迹仍然清晰可见：沥青路面可能还保留着，一部分是花园小径，另一部分是裂缝中生长的先锋柳树种植园。工业用水可以转化为天然水，筑起堤坝形成湖泊，装载扶壁可以变成瀑布，四周都是旧的熟料铺路砖。一个长方形的棱柱体伸入湖中，覆盖着修剪过的草坪，中间有一个凉棚，在新形成的休息地上投下了阴影，所有这些都被一片野花草地包围，变成了接近该地区尽头的林地。
In the landscape garden of the university garden, the various kinds of spatial situations and natural surroundings afford, or mostly could have afforded, opportunities for various recreational programs. The traces of the factory yard were still perceptible: the asphalt pavement could have remained, partly as a garden path, partly crumbled with pioneer willow-plantation growing from the cracks. The industrial water could have been transfomed into natural water and dammed up to create a lake, the loading counterfort could have been turned into a waterfall, all surrounded by the old clinker paver bricks. A rectangle-shaped prism were to run out into the lake, covered with shaven lawn, a pergola standing in its middle casting a shadow on the newly formed resting place, and all these were to surrounded with a wildflower meadow changing into a woodland approaching the end of the area.

该项目的实际优势可能是保留了原有的结构和材料，因此应该减少拆迁，并开发河流。但在执行过程中，事情最终以不同的方式解决了。沥青路面无法保留，熟料铺路砖“无法使用”，建造一个湖泊的成本太高。最后，沥青路面变成了一条覆盖着碎石的小径，湖泊利用其原始轮廓和水平，被改造成人工草地地形，现在成为休闲的好去处。覆盖的凉棚被缩小成白色的柱子
The practical advantage of the project could have been the keeping of the original stuctures and materials, so there should have been less demolition and the stream could have been developed. But during the execution, things finally worked out differently. The asphalt pavement couldn’t be kept, the clinker paverbricks were ‘unusable’ and creating a lake would have been too expensive. Finally, the asphalt pavement became a path covered with crushed stone, the lake, using its original outlines and levels, was transformed into an artificial grassy terrain feature and now functions as a great place for leisure. The covered pergola was reduced to white columns standing

regularly in space. The original clinker paver bricks have stayed as a reference to the site’s past.

大学院落的功能是为学生提供一个聚会和组织活动的场所，因此该区域作为一个露天集会大厅。院落的构成是通过对大学花园自然环境的抽象创造出来的。多年来，路面逐渐被自然力压碎，不同的水平面在这里变成了不同高度的梯田。庭院两侧的垂直距离为1.5米，由蜿蜒穿过该区域的楼梯和围绕露台的楼梯构成。这个地方由一个草坡（原本是一个水景）和一个亭子组成。这些物品的处理使这个地方更为接近
The function of the university courtyard is to provide a place for the students to get together and organize events, so this area works as an open-air assembly hall. The composition of the courtyard was created by the abstraction of the natural environment of the university garden. The pavements over the years have become crushed by gradual natural forces, the various levels are transformed into terraces of different height here. There is a 1.5 meter vertical difference between the two sides of the courtyard that is spanned by staircases meandering through the area and the diminishign staircases surrounding the terraces. The place is organized by a grassy slope (which originally would have been a water feature) and a pavilion. The disposal of these objects gives the closeness of the place

这创造了奥拉式的广场，展馆可以作为学生的小吃店。有一些更大的休闲梯田连接到长满草的斜坡上，其中一些梯田是铺好的，另一些梯田是被草覆盖的，在这些梯田中，观赏性的草种将该地区划分为更小、更亲密的部分。在该区域的西侧，建筑与花园之间有一条长长的通道，该通道足够大，学生们可以从底层走出来，在这里度过他们的空闲时间或工作。它的护墙在南面打开，一个楼梯连接着庭院和通道。从南面看，院落与铁路之间有一个巨大的观赏草丛，它不仅“阻挡”了空间，而且还参考了大学花园的植被。在这片草地覆盖的地区，还有两臂坡道，以确保庭院的可达性。
that creates the aula-like square, and the pavilion can funciton as a snack-bar for the students. There are some bigger relaxing terraces connected to the grassy slope, some of them paved, others grass-covered, and amongst them ornamental grass plantings divide the area into smaller, intimate parts. On the west side of the area, the building is separated from the garden by a long areaway that is large enough for the students to come out from the lower ground floor and spend their free time or work here. Its parapet wall is opened on the southern side, and a staircase connects the couryard with the areaway. From the south, the courtyard is separated from the railway by a huge ornamental grass planting that not only ‘stops’ the space, but it’s also a reference to the vegetation of the university garden. In this area covered with grasses is also the the two-armed ramp in order to ensure the courtyard’s accessibility.

照片：乌吉拉尼/新方向
Project: The Rehabilitation of the Zsolnay Factory – Southern Territory’s landscape design
Location: Pécs, Hungary
Landscape Architecture: Ujirany / New Directions Landscape Architects (Árpád Kovács, Katalin Lukács, Gábor Szohr, Dorottya Thurnay, Dominika Tihanyi)
Architects: MCXVI Architects
Client: Municipality of Pécs
Design year: 2009
Year of construction: 2011
Area: 5300 m2
Photos: Ujirany / New Directions