Xinfang Experimental Middle School, Xinwu District, Wuxi City/
无锡市新吴区新坊实验中学 /
整体布局与空间组织：新坊实验中学的项目充分展现了建筑设计在高密度和复杂场地条件下的卓越应对能力。设计巧妙地利用了“鱼骨”式布局，通过增加新的“鱼骨”结构，并沿河边界延伸体量，成功地将原有半开放的庭院空间扩大并围合成三个新的景观庭院。这种设计不仅解决了场地限制，还创造了丰富的空间层次和互动性。新旧建筑的有机结合，以及不同庭院在空间尺度和氛围上的差异化，体现了设计师对空间组织和使用者体验的深刻理解。这种布局策略为学生提供了多样化的活动空间，并最大程度地利用了有限的景观资源。
退台策略的精妙运用：“退台”是该项目的核心设计策略，其应用体现了设计师对功能、环境和使用者体验的全面考量。通过退台，建筑师成功解决了高密度校园中日照、通风、室外活动空间和建筑尺度等关键问题。南低北高的布局确保了充足的日照，而贯穿建筑的开放性洞口则促进了良好的通风。更重要的是，退台策略最大限度地增加了学生的室外活动空间，并将建筑体量对室外场地的占用降至最低。这种设计不仅提升了学生的学习环境，也塑造了丰富多样的建筑形态，使建筑更具活力，也赋予了建筑物更人性化的尺度。
立面设计与空间体验：该项目在立面设计上体现了对周边环境的尊重和对细节的关注。设计师通过“水波纹”的概念，赋予建筑立面以动感，并与东侧的河流环境相呼应。夜晚灯光的照射下，立面呈现出波光粼粼的效果，营造出令人印象深刻的视觉效果。此外，项目还注重创造丰富的空间体验，通过设置两层通高的公共空间、下沉式广场以及带有天窗的开放空间，为学生提供了多样化的休闲和活动场所。这种对空间细节的精雕细琢，以及对使用者体验的深入思考，使得新坊实验中学不仅是一座建筑，更是一个充满活力和趣味的学习和生活空间。
c+d设计中心
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Xinfang Experimental Middle School is located on Xinguang Road in Xinwu District, Wuxi City. It is adjacent to Chunyang Experimental Primary School on the west side and has a river on the east side. This is a project that we completed the conceptual design during the COVID-19 lockdown in Shanghai in 2022. After nearly two years of drawing refinement and construction, it successfully opened in September this year.
新坊实验中学位于无锡市新吴区新光路上，西侧紧邻春阳实验小学，东侧有河。这是我们在2022年上海疫情封控期间完成概念设计的项目，经过近两年的图纸深化和建造，于今年 9 月份顺利开学。
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分析图
The project covers an area of approximately 15000 square meters and requires the provision of 30 classes and 17000 square meters of above ground building area. Undoubtedly, this will inevitably lead to a high plot ratio and high density result. At the same time, the use of triangular land also brings greater difficulties and challenges to the layout of buildings. In addition, this case was originally an expansion of the junior high school section based on the current primary school section of Chunyang Experimental School. After completion, it was converted into an independent operation and use, so the overall design follows the logic of renovation and expansion.
项目用地面积约 1.5 万平米，要求提供 30 个班级及 1.7 万平米的地上建筑面积。毫无疑问，这必然导致一个高容积率、高密度的结果。同时，三角形的用地，也给建筑布局带来了更大的困难和挑战。另外，本案原是在春阳实验学校现状小学部基础上扩建的初中部，建成后改为独立运营使用，因此设计整体遵循的是改造扩建的逻辑。
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分析图
Based on the above conditions, the problem to be solved in the design is very clear: it is necessary to handle the overall relationship between new and old buildings on the basis of existing buildings, and provide suitable spatial scale and as rich spatial experience as possible under high-density and high plot ratio conditions. At the same time, it is also necessary to make full use of the limited landscape resources on the site and form a good dialogue with the landscape river on the east side.
基于以上条件，设计要解决的问题非常明确：既要在既有建筑的基础上，处理好新旧建筑之间的整体关系，又要在高密度、高容积率的条件下，提供适宜的空间尺度及尽可能丰富的空间体验，同时还需尽可能充分利用场地为数不多的景观资源，与东侧的景观河形成良好的对话。
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Texture
The main body of the current primary school building is a traditional fishbone layout, with a public corridor in the middle and three or four rows of building volumes distributed on the left and right sides, which are used as ordinary classrooms and professional classrooms respectively, and form a semi enclosed public courtyard.. On this basis, four new fish bones were directly added to the design, and a long strip of volume was drawn along the boundary of the river on the east side. In this way, the originally semi open courtyard space is expanded and enclosed into three new landscape courtyards. The bottom floor can permeate each other, and standing on the outdoor platform of the second floor at the connection can also see the activity scenes happening in both courtyards at the same time. At the same time, it also creates differences among the six similar courtyards, forming different spatial scales and atmospheres. The old and new buildings are naturally coupled into an inseparable organic whole.
肌理
现状小学部建筑主体为传统的鱼骨式布局，中间为公共走廊，左右两侧分布了三或四排建筑体量，分别用作普通教室和专业教室，并形成半围合的公共庭院。在此基础上，设计直接对应补充设置了四条新的鱼骨，并顺应东侧沿河的边界拉通了一个长条形的体量。如此一来，便将原本半开放的庭院空间扩大并围合成三个新的景观庭院，底层可互相渗透，站在连接处的二层室外平台上又可同时看到两侧庭院中正在发生的活动场景，同时也使原本类似的六个庭院产生差异，形成不同的空间尺度和氛围，新旧建筑也自然地耦合成一个密不可分的有机整体。
退台
退台是本案最为核心的设计策略，它至少解决了这么几个问题：
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1. Better sunlight and ventilation conditions.
The building gradually rises from the southernmost 2nd floor to the 6th floor, with a layout of low in the south and high in the north, allowing as many rooms as possible to receive sufficient sunlight. At the same time, open openings that run through the building volume are set up between adjacent courtyards to form ventilation paths, thereby striving for better ventilation conditions for more rooms. Good sunshine and ventilation can to some extent curb the growth of bacteria, providing students with a healthier and more comfortable learning and living environment. This is also a new design concept and strategy guided by health that has emerged in the era of the epidemic.
1.更好的日照和通风条件。
建筑从最南侧的2层体量依次向北逐渐升高至 6 层，南低北高的布局使尽可能多的房间获得充足的日照。同时，相邻庭院间设置贯穿建筑体量的开放性洞口，形成通风路径，从而为更多的房间争取到更好的通风条件。良好的日照和通风可在一定程度上遏制病菌的滋生，为学生提供更健康舒适的学习、生活环境，这也是疫情时代下意识产生的以健康为导向的全新设计意识和设计策略。
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2. More and more convenient outdoor activity spaces.
A key issue with high-density campuses is the lack of outdoor activity space, which is crucial for primary and secondary school students. 'Retreat' is an excellent strategy to provide more outdoor activity space in high-density campuses. Through the design and organization of the retreat platform, this case can almost ensure that each floor classroom has a corresponding outdoor activity space. Considering the short 10 minute break between classes and the forced retreat design in high-density environments, it is actually easier for students to have relatively more outdoor activity time than the traditional mode, and the final design almost returns all the outdoor space occupied by the building volume to students.
2. 更多、更便捷的室外活动空间。
高密度校园的一个关键问题就是室外活动空间的不足，而室外活动空间对中小学生来说又是至关重要的。“退台”则是在高密度校园中提供更多室外活动空间的绝佳策略。本案通过对退台的设计和组织，几乎可以保证每层教室都有直接对应的室外活动空间。考虑到短暂的课间 10 分钟，高密度环境下不得已而为之的退台设计，反而比传统模式更容易让学生获得相对更多的室外活动时间，而最终的设计，也几乎把所有被建筑体量占据的室外场地均还给了学生。
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3. A more suitable spatial scale.
Due to the presence of setback, the building scale can be better controlled. The suppressed spatial scale of 25m wide and 5-6 stories high that may exist in the traditional mode is mostly dissolved into 1-2 stories, with a large number of unobstructed front facing river and distant roof platforms, which also make it easier for students to breathe. The reduction of architectural scale not only brings physical relaxation, but also brings spiritual pleasure.
3. 更适宜的空间尺度。
由于退台的存在，建筑尺度得以被更好的控制。传统模式下可能存在的 25m宽，5~6 层高的压抑的空间尺度，大部分被消解为 1~2 层，大量前无遮挡、直面河流和远方的屋顶平台，也更加让学生呼吸顺畅。建筑尺度的消减不仅带来身体的放松，也同时带来了精神的愉悦。
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4. More diverse and vivid architectural forms.
The advantages of retreating from the platform in shaping building volume are beyond doubt. This case not only solved key issues such as functional requirements, sunlight and ventilation, outdoor space, and building scale through the retreat of the platform in an extremely tight land area, but also formed a rich and vivid building volume, layered like a mountain, and this volume form is completely derived from functional requirements: if an entrance plaza is needed, it needs to be folded in, and if it needs to be connected to the first phase, it needs to be pulled out, forming a logical rather than decorative aesthetic experience. In the end, it is seen as a peak on the side of a ridge, presenting completely different perceptions from different positions, angles, and heights.
4. 更丰富、更生动的建筑形式。
退台在建筑体量塑造方面的优势是毋庸置疑的。本案在极其紧张的用地内，不仅通过退台解决了功能需求、日照通风、室外空间、建筑尺度等关键问题，同时也顺势形成了丰富而生动的建筑体量，层层叠叠，如同大山，且这种体量形式完全由功能需求推演而来：需要入口广场就折进去一条，需要与一期衔接就拉出来一片，这就形成一种逻辑性的而非装饰性的审美体验。最终“横看成岭侧成峰”，从不同的位置、角度，在不一样的高度，都呈现出完全不一样的观感。
分析图
5. Space
Although facing the objective challenges of small space and high density, the design still tries to set up some more experiential architectural spaces as much as possible. For example, on the east side along the river, several two-story public spaces have been set up, which can be used as leisure and interactive places, and you can also stand here and enjoy the river view; For example, in the southwest corner of the building, a sunken outdoor square is set up in conjunction with a multifunctional hall as a reading space; For example, in the middle of the first floor, combined with the shared classroom, there is also an activity and performance area with large steps and an open space with skylights. Inside the snail lion shell, as a dojo, even if the space is small, we still hope to bring a fun and varied space with high and low, light and dark, and twists and turns.
5. 空间
虽然面临着场地小、密度高的客观难题，设计上还是尽可能的设置了一些更具体验性的建筑空间。比如东面沿河一侧，设置了几处两层通高的公共空间，可以作为休闲和互动的场所，也可以站在此处眺望河景；比如建筑的西南角，结合多功能厅，设置了一处下沉的室外广场，作为阅读天地；比如一层中间位置，结合合班教室，也设置了一处有大台阶的活动表演区及带有天窗的开放空间等等。螺狮壳里做道场，即便空间再小，也还是希望能带来一处高低错落、明暗相间、曲折有致的富有趣味的空间场所。
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6. Facade
After the completion of the building volume and space, for the building facade, it is only necessary to pull the horizontal railings of each floor through. But from a conventional "design" perspective, "facade design" is a necessary action that cannot be avoided, so we have to use some brains. Due to the presence of a river on the east side, we made some changes to the facade, conceptually called "water ripples", which actually continued the facade design of Yongjiang Experimental School many years ago, but made some upgrades to make it more three-dimensional. Under the illumination of night lights, the waves really shimmered. Standing on the east side of National Highway 312, the building forms a reflection in the water, like a large ship sailing on the sea. Accidentally, the architecture itself has become another interpretation of the saying 'where there is a path in the mountains of books, diligence is the path; where the sea of learning knows no bounds, hardship is the boat'.
6.立面
建筑体量和空间完成之后，对建筑立面而言，实际只需将各层的水平栏板拉通即可。但从常规的“设计”角度来说，“立面设计”是个必选动作，无法绕开，因此不得不动些脑筋。因东侧有河，我们就顺势在立面上做了一些变化，概念上称之为“水波纹”，其实是延续了多年前甬江实验学校的立面做法，但是做了一些升级，使其更有立体感。在夜景灯光的照射下，居然真的波光粼粼起来。站在东侧 312 国道上看，建筑在水中形成倒影，犹如航行于海上的大船。无意间，建筑本身倒成了“书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟”的另一种诠释。
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Conclusion
This case is an exploration and attempt at high-density campus design under extreme site conditions.. In terms of overall strategy, only by using the tactic of "retreating from the platform", a series of key issues such as functional requirements, sunlight and ventilation, outdoor space, and building scale can be solved simultaneously; In terms of small techniques, a three-dimensional garden like spatial effect is created by raising, lowering, and winding paths. In fact, the on-site experience of this case far surpasses photographic photographs, which is truly gratifying.
结语
本案是在极端场地条件下，对高密度校园设计的一次探讨和尝试。大策略上，只通过“退台”这一招，同时解决掉功能需求、日照通风、室外空间、建筑尺度等一系列关键问题；小手法上，则通过通高、下沉及路径的曲折，营造出立体园林般的空间效果。事实上，本案的现场体验远胜于摄影照片，这令人倍感欣慰。
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