秦皇岛海滩 - 园林吧

秦皇岛海滩
Qinhuangdao Beach

Turenscape：利用各种再生设计技术，一个严重侵蚀、严重滥用和腐朽的海滩已经从生态上得到恢复，并成功地转变为一个舒适宜人、人迹罕至的地方，示范性景观设计师可以通过生态设计专业地促进重建人与自然和谐关系的倡议。该海滩位于秦皇岛市渤海海岸线上，秦皇岛市是中国北方河北省的一个海滨旅游城市，全长6.4公里，面积60公顷。整个场地处于环境和生态破坏状态。海岸沙丘被严重侵蚀，海岸植被腐朽，海滩荒芜、乱七八糟；此前不明智的开发破坏了沿海湿地，留下了满满的碎片。该项目的目的是修复受损的自然环境，恢复并向游客和当地居民展示该场地的美丽，同时将一个曾经退化的海滩改造成一个生态健康、具有美学吸引力的景观。
Turenscape: Using various Regenerative Design techniques, a heavily eroded, badly abused and decaying beach has been ecologically recovered and successfully transformed into an aethestically pleasing and well visited place, demonstrating landscape architects can professionally facilitate the initiatives of rebuilding a harmonious relationship between man and nature through ecological design. The beach is located along the Bohai Sea shoreline of Qinhuangdao city, a touristic coastal city in North China’s Hebei Province, 6.4 kilometers in length and an area of 60 hectares. The whole site was in an environmentally and ecologically damaged condition. The costal sand dunes were heavy eroded, the costal vegetation was decaying and the beach was deserted and littered; Prior unwise development had destroyed the costal wetland and left it full of debris. The intention of this project is to rehabilitate the damaged natural environment, restore and unveil to tourists and local residents the beauty of the site while transforming a former degraded beach into an ecologically healthy and aesthetically attractive landscape.

Qinhuangdao Beach

The whole site can be divided into three zones:

Zone-1: Erosion protection

这基本上是一条约5公里长的多风海岸线，覆盖着海岸沙丘和各种植物群落，它们适应了各种现场条件；它们包括：香蒲湿地群落、沙丘草群落、紫穗槐灌木、柽柳林、刺槐林。和柳树。很长一段时间以来，这条海岸线被遗弃，严重侵蚀，到处都是垃圾，游客和当地居民几乎无法进入。设计方案精心安排了一条沿着海岸线蜿蜒的木板路，将不同的植物群落连接起来。这条木板路不仅可以让游客在途中体验不同的植物群落，还可以作为土壤保护设施，保护海岸线免受海洋风和海水侵蚀。生态友好型基地采用玻璃纤维设计，使木板路“漂浮”在沙丘和湿地之上。玻璃纤维底座是专门预制的容器，可以装满沙子，也可以根据土壤条件清空。这种创新的、现已获得专利（由景观设计师）的技术不仅使木板路安装过程在自然环境中比传统施工方法容易得多，这可能是一项更艰巨的任务，而且对环境的影响最小。沿着木板路设计了休息亭、遮阳结构和环境解读系统，这些都是精心布置的风景区，可以形象地展示场地的生态意义，突出其全景之美。这些展馆成为吸引游客和当地居民的焦点，他们成群结队地来到这里欣赏风景并重新创造。
This is basically a windy shoreline about 5 kilometers long, covered with coastal sand dunes and diverse plant communities which have adapted themselves to various site conditions; they include: wetland communities of cattail (Typha angustifolia), sand dunes grass communities, Amorpha shrub (Amorpha fruiticosa), Chinese Tamarisk (Tamarix chinensis) groves, forests of Black Locust (Robinia pseudoacacia). and willow (Salix matsudana). For a long time, this shore line had been deserted, heavily eroded and littered, and almost inaccessible to tourists and local residents. The design solution has carefully arranged a boardwalk that winds along the shoreline, linking different patches of plant communities. This boardwalk not only allows visitors to experience the different plant communities on the way, but also acts as a soil conservation installation that protects the shoreline from the erosion caused by the ocean wind and weave. Eco-friendly bases are designed using fiberglass that allows the boardwalk to “float” above the sand dunes and wetland. The fiberglass bases are specially prefabricated containers that can be filled with sand or be empty depending on the soil conditions. This innovative and now patented (by the landscape architect) techniques not only makes the process of boardwalk installation much easier in a natural environment than the conventional construction approach, which could be a harder task, but also make minimum impact to the environment. Resting pavilions, shading structures and environmental interpretation systems are designed along the boardwalk that are carefully sited for the scenery, allowing to visualize the ecological meaning of the site and highlighting their panoramic beauty. These pavilions become attractive focal points for tourists and the local residents who come in groups to enjoy the landscape and recreate.

Zone-2: A Recovered Wetland

生态恢复是一个强烈的需求，因此景观设计师寻求一个自然、社会和经济可持续的想法：在这个场地上建立一个湿地博物馆，作为一个教育设施，与远处的鸟类保护区相关联。受潮间带泡泡状水槽的启发，在建筑废墟中形成了水洞，以收集土地上的雨水，从而建立湿地植物和动物群落，同时吸引鸟类觅食。湿地博物馆被设计为景观的一个组成部分，延伸到湿地，并从海洋引入微风，以冷却炎热的夏天，减少建筑中的能源使用。建筑及其环境的连锁模式受到了当地渔船的启发，这些渔船成群结队地停泊在海岸外，这是一幅逆风逆浪的图像，使船只在水中保持稳定。建造了一个木板人行道和平台系统，允许人们从建筑步行进入湿地，享受新创造的栖息地和多样的物种。
The central zone is where the new bird museum is built. It was a degraded coastal wetland as well, adjacent to an intertidal zone that had been listed as a national bird reserve. This site was an abandoned construction from a former theme park, which destroyed the coastal wetland habitats when built. The site was also covered with building debris and garbage.
Ecological recovery was a strong need, so the landscape architect searched for an idea which could be natural, social and economically sustainable: A Wetland Museum was built on this site as an education facility in association with the bird reserve beyond. Inspired by the bubble-patterned water sinks along the intertidal zone, water holes are created in among the building debris to catch the rain water from the land that allow wetland plant and animal communities to get established, also attracting birds to forage. The Wetland Museum is designed as an integral part of the landscape, stretching into the wetland, and inlets breeze from the ocean to cool off the hot summer and reduce the use of energy in the building. The interlocking pattern of the building and its environment was inspired by the local fishing boats anchoring in group off the shore, in an image against the wind and waves that keep the boats stable in the water. A system of board walk and platform is built allowing people to walk from the building into the wetland and enjoy the newly created habitats and diverse species.

Zone-3: The Dotted Isles Lake and Eco-friendly Rip-Rap

该区域位于项目的最东端。它以前是一个公园，由一个沉重的混凝土堤岸构成，用来保护海岸线不受侵蚀，并在涨潮时通过拦截海水形成湖泊。这个公园当然不令人满意，无论是在生态还是美学方面。混凝土堤岸枯燥无味，湖面空无一人，被坚硬的混凝土海岸线所包围。再生设计策略包括拆除混凝土并用生态友好型抛石代替。修建木板路以取代硬路面，并引入天然地面覆盖物，以绿化木板路旁边的表面。此外，在湖中创造了9个绿色小岛，以丰富空旷的水面，让鸟类休息和筑巢。
This zone is at the very east end of the project. It was previously a park constituted by a heavy concrete embankment which was built to protect the shoreline from erosion and to create a lake by trapping the sea water during the high tide. This park was certainly not satisfying, neither in ecological or aesthetical terms. The concrete embankment was boring and barren and the Lake was empty and bounded by rigid concrete shoreline. The Regenerative Design strategies include demolishing the concrete and replacing it with ecologically friendly rip-rap. A boardwalk is built to replace the hard pavement, and native ground cover is introduced to green the surface alongside the board walk. In addition, 9 green islets are created in the middle of the lake to enrich the empty and boring water surface allowing birds to rest and nest.

这些生态恢复设计的结果非常成功。海岸线侵蚀得到有效控制，退化的滨海湿地得到成功恢复，钻孔和生态死亡的混凝土路堤得到生态修复；一条连续的木板路连接着各种海岸植物群落，给游客一个难忘的教育和审美体验；鸟类博物馆成为沿海景观的一个组成部分，与海洋一起呼吸，并作为线性生态和风景海滩的焦点。本项目展示了景观设计师如何将生态、工程、创新技术和设计元素融入受损景观的有效再生操作中，并将退化的人与自然关系转变为可持续和谐的关系。
The results of these ecological restoring designs are remarkably successful. The erosion of the shoreline has been effectively controlled, the degraded costal wetland has been restored successfully, the boring and ecologically dead concrete embankment has been ecologically rehabilitated; A continuous boardwalk links various coastal plant communities, giving tourists an unforgettable educational and aesthetic experience; the bird museum becomes an integral part of the coastal landscape that breaths with the ocean and acts as a focal point along the linear ecological and scenic beach. This project demonstrates how landscape architects can incorporate ecology, engineering, innovative technique and design elements into an effective regenerative operation on a damaged landscape, and transform the degraded man-nature relationship into a sustainable and harmonious one.

竣工日期：2008年7月
Landscape Architect: Turenscape (Beijing Turen Design Institute)
Principal designer: Kongjian Yu
Project Title: The Qinhuangdao Beach Restoration: An Ecological Surgery
Location: Qinhuangdao City, Hebei Province, China
Project Type: Park, Ecological Restoration
Date of Completion: July, 2008