生活屋顶 - 园林吧

生活屋顶
Living Roof

SWA集团：旧金山第一个可持续的建筑项目之一，新的加州科学馆支持一个惊人的2.5英亩的绿色屋顶。该项目强调栖息地质量和连通性，预计将获得LEED白金认证。该建筑的建筑团队Renzo Piano building Workshop（RPBW）邀请SWA集团和园艺顾问、Rana Creek Living Architecture的Paul Kephart合作设计屋顶。SWA集团为生活屋顶和现场提供全面的景观建筑服务。RPBW的概念将自然景观提升到三层楼高，并将其置于建筑顶部，创造出一个生动的生活屋顶。植被覆盖的屋顶轮廓与下方的设施、办公室和展览厅相一致，从天文馆和雨林展品上方升起，在中央广场下降，将光线和空气引入建筑中心。
SWA Group: One of San Francisco’s first sustainable building projects, the new California Academy of Sciences supports a stunning 2.5-acre green roof. Emphasizing habitat quality and connectivity, the project is expected to receive LEED Platinum certification. The building’s architectural team, the Renzo Piano Building Workshop (RPBW), invited SWA Group and horticultural consultant, Paul Kephart of Rana Creek Living Architecture to collaborate on the design of the living roof. SWA Group provided full landscape architectural services for the living roof and site. RPBW’s concept lifts the natural landscape three stories up and places it on top of the building, creating a dramatic living roof. The vegetated roof’s contours conform to the facilities, offices and exhibition halls below—rising above the planetarium and the rain forest exhibit and lowering at the central piazza to introduce light and air into the heart of the building.

Living Roof

广场部分用玻璃覆盖，创造了一个小气候，可以全年使用。旧金山温和的气候和学院对环境保护的承诺，为将可持续设计战略融入建筑规划提供了一个理想的机会。不仅考虑了节能供暖和制冷，还考虑了绿色建筑材料、减少现场干扰、季节性灌溉和能源生产。可持续性也融入了展览中，让公众有机会了解更多关于环保设计原则的知识。按照伦佐·皮亚诺最初的概念图，屋顶的七个山丘旨在回响旧金山的七个大山。由于有些地方的山丘陡峭到60度，因此很难种植，因此进行了广泛的测试。SWA和RANA河合作伙伴设计了完整的模型来测试锚固系统和多层土壤排水网络，为植物材料奠定基础。石笼通道的底层网格为压缩椰子壳种植托盘提供排水和支撑。植物首先在场外的托盘中播种。当它们建立起来后，装有特殊货架的卡车将它们运送到现场。植物托盘通常包含三种本地物种，然后吊在屋顶上，并在石笼通道网格内手动铺设绝缘和防水材料。托盘还提供其自身的临时支撑结构，直到设备在屋顶上牢固安装。随着时间的推移，托盘会分解并成为土壤系统的一部分。
The piazza is partly covered with glass to create a microclimate enabling year-round use. San Francisco’s mild climate along with the Academy’s commitment to environmental protection, provided an ideal opportunity to incorporate sustainable design strategies into the construction plan. Not only was energy efficient heating and cooling considered, but also green building materials, reduced site disturbance, seasonal irrigation and energy generation. Sustainability is integrated into the exhibitions as well, offering the public a chance to learn more about environmentally-sound design principles. Following Renzo Piano’s original concept drawing, the roof’s seven hills are intended to echo the seven major hills of San Francisco. Because the hills are as steep as 60 degrees in some places, and thus difficult to plant, extensive testing was done. The SWA and Rana Creek partnership designed full-scale models to test the anchoring systems and the multi-layered soil-drainage network that forms the foundation for the plant materials. An underlying grid of gabion channels provides water drainage and support for the compressed coconut hull planting trays. Plants are first sown in trays off-site. When they’re established, trucks outfitted with special racks transfer them to the site. The plant trays, which always contain three native species, are then hoisted atop the roof and laid by hand over insulating and waterproofing materials inside the gabion channel grid. The trays also provide their own temporary support structure until the plants become well-established on the rooftop. Over time, the trays disintegrate and become part of the soil system.

作为一个技术和自然系统和谐工作的模型，屋顶具有许多可持续的设计元素。选择覆盖建筑的加州本土植物是因为它们适应海湾地区的季节性灌溉循环。这些植物也被选中来吸引当地的蝴蝶、鸟类和昆虫，其中一些濒临灭绝。屋顶的设计是为了依靠自然灌溉而不是机械灌溉。此外，排水系统将所有雨水径流回收回地下水位。屋顶也能产生可持续能源。光伏电池排列在屋顶周围，收集太阳能为学院供电。作为其可持续发展承诺的一部分，学院已将建筑的实际占地面积和周围路面面积减少了约1.5英亩。这片土地将被重建为公园。
A model of technical and natural systems working harmoniously, the roof features numerous sustainable design elements. The California native plants that carpet the building were chosen for their adaptability to the Bay Area’s seasonal irrigation cycle. The plants were also selected to attract local butterflies, birds and insects, some of them endangered. The roof is designed to thrive on natural, not mechanical irrigation sources. Additionally, the drainage system recycles all storm water runoff back into the water table. The roof generates sustainable energy as well. Photovoltaic cells line the roof perimeter, collecting solar energy to help power the Academy. As part of its commitment to sustainability, the Academy has reduced the building’s physical footprint and the surrounding pavement by approximately 1.5 acres. This land will be re-established as park gardens.

Landscape Architecture: SWA Group
Project name: California Academy of Sciences, Living Roof
Location: San Francisco, CA
Area: 9.5 Acres
Completion: 2008
Photos: Tom Fox
Film produced by: Pavel Petrov
Film directed by: Ken Woodall