常滑土间 / Tezuka Architects

Smooth Soil Room/Tezuka Architects
常滑土间 / Tezuka Architects

整体概念与场地回应：这座建筑项目巧妙地融入了常滑（Tokoname）独特的地域文化和历史背景。建筑师没有试图创造一个与周围环境格格不入的现代奇迹，而是选择与当地的传统和材料对话。项目对“土间”（Doma）这一传统空间概念的运用，以及对当地土器（tsuchimono）产业的致敬，都体现了深刻的文化理解和尊重。建筑选址在通往Dokanzaka的坡道沿线，既是对历史文脉的呼应，也为建筑提供了绝佳的视野和空间可能性。这种设计策略避免了对传统建筑风格的简单模仿，而是通过对传统元素的现代演绎，创造了独特的建筑体验。

空间设计与材料运用：建筑师在空间设计上展现了极高的创造力。例如，将“式台”（shikidai）设计为兼具休憩功能的入口台阶，以及反向设计的 yukimi-shōji，这些细节都体现了对空间利用的精巧构思。建筑对传统木结构技法的运用是项目的一大亮点。特别是屋檐的设计，采用了独特的“尾垂木”和深挑檐结构，这不仅在视觉上营造了轻盈感，也体现了对传统建筑智慧的传承。材料的选择也与当地的陶瓷文化紧密相连，通过朴素、自然的材料，与周围环境融为一体，传递出一种内敛、沉稳的建筑气质。这种材料的运用，增强了建筑与周围环境的互动。

细节处理与整体氛围：建筑的精髓在于对细节的关注。从“蛋黄藏于蛋清”的比喻，到“土间”与起居空间的连接，再到半户外空间的营造，都体现了建筑师对空间体验的精心设计。建筑师通过对传统建筑元素的重新诠释，赋予了建筑独特的魅力。当隔断完全打开时，店铺化作一片开阔的半户外空间，这种设计极大地提升了空间的通透性和互动性。即使在建筑材料和结构上，也体现了建筑师对传统工艺的尊重和传承。最终，建筑所呈现的并非仅仅是一座建筑，而是一种对当地文化的解读和尊重，创造出了一种与周围环境和谐共生的氛围，耐人寻味，引人思考。

For at least five centuries, Tokoname has been supplying tsuchimimono to the Japanese archipelago, thriving due to its highland advantage overlooking Ise Bay. The term 'tsuchimono' is deliberately used here instead of 'ceramics' to emphasize that slippery products are not limited to everyday utensils, but also encompass civil engineering components such as ceramic pipes and tiles. Changshan takes pride in its more profound and widely pervasive role in daily life in Japan - both on stage and behind the scenes.
至少五个世纪以来，常滑（Tokoname）始终为日本列岛供应土器（tsuchimono），凭借俯瞰伊势湾的高地优势繁荣发展。此处特意使用“土器”（tsuchimono）而非“陶瓷”（ceramics）一词，旨在强调常滑的产品不仅限于日常器具，更涵盖土木工程构件，如陶管和瓦片等。常滑以其更为深远且广泛渗透于日本日常生活的角色为傲 —— 既显于台前，亦隐于幕后。

The plot is located along the slope leading to Dokanzaka (the traditional version of Ginza) in the area of Tokugawa. Affected by historical changes, pottery pipes and fragments are scattered on the ground. In this area full of historical charm, buildings seem to emerge from layers of ceramic fragments, taking root and growing. The elegant row houses that are rarely seen on the slippery roads have been replaced by those simple and weathered buildings that have silently stood firm and supported the livelihoods of residents for a long time. These buildings come together to maintain the unique style of the town.
该地块坐落于通往常滑“土罐坂”（Dokanzaka，常滑版银座）的坡道沿线。受历史变迁影响，地面上散落着陶管和陶器碎片。在这片充满历史韵味的区域，建筑仿佛从层层陶瓷残片中破土而出，扎根生长。常滑鲜见典雅的联排住宅，取而代之的是那些朴实无华、被岁月熏黑的建筑 —— 它们默默坚守，长久以来一直支撑着居民的生计，这些建筑群聚一处，共同维系着小镇独有的风貌。

Doma * is a space surrounded by a house with a soil floor. In this town known for its earthenware, shops selling pottery are traditionally located within the earthen chambers. Although these pottery products have been fired in kilns and are not easily stained, this layout still follows tradition. The store space is built according to the architecture, cleverly utilizing the geographical advantage of being open on three sides of the site and overlooking Ise Bay.
土间（Doma*）作为泥土地面的空间，环绕着房屋。在这座以土器闻名的城镇里，售卖陶器的店铺按传统均设于土间之内。尽管这些陶器产品皆已入窑烧制，不易沾染污渍，但这种布局仍沿袭成习。店铺空间依建筑而建，巧妙利用场地三面开放、俯瞰伊势湾的地理优势。

Courtesy of Tezuka Architects

一层平面图

剖面图

Courtesy of Tezuka Architects

This building is shaped like a small egg embedded in a large shell - just like an egg yolk hidden in egg white. A "shikidai" (entrance staircase) with both recreational functions extends upwards from the ground and leads to the interior of the residence. The living space is separated from the earth by a reverse designed yukimi sh ō ji - this sliding screen has a glass panel on the upper part instead of the lower part in traditional design, which is quite ingenious. This design allows residents to assist with in store affairs while maintaining privacy.
这座建筑形如一颗嵌于大壳中的小卵 —— 恰似蛋黄藏于蛋清。一条兼具休憩功能的“式台”（shikidai，入口台阶）自土间延伸而上，通向住宅内部。起居空间与土间之间，以一道反向设计的 yukimi-shōji 相隔 —— 这种滑动屏风的上部装有玻璃面板，而非传统设计中的下部，颇具巧思。这一设计让住户既能协助店内事务，又能保有隐私。

Courtesy of Tezuka Architects

剖透视

Courtesy of Tezuka Architects

When the partition is fully opened, the entire store becomes an open semi outdoor space, only covered by the roof. The eaves adopt a deep overhanging design, extending 4.7 meters outward from the main structure. In traditional wooden buildings, beams and braces are usually supported by "hijiki" (arch of wooden architecture arm); Here, the eaves rafters are supported by "tail rafters" (short overhanging rafters) and aligned with the eaves beams. Although this structure may seem unconventional, it is actually a typical example of traditional Japanese wooden architecture. Its uniqueness does not stem from innovative design, but from the rare appearance of such structures in residential buildings, rather than the usual temple architecture.
当隔断完全打开时，整间店铺便化作一片开阔的半户外空间，仅由屋顶遮蔽。屋檐采用深挑檐设计，自主体结构向外延伸达 4.7 米。在传统木构建筑中，通常由“肘木”（hijiki，斗拱支臂）支撑出挑的梁枋；而在此处，则由“尾垂木”（tail rafters，短悬挑椽）承托檐檩，且檐檩与檐梁对齐。这一构造虽看似异于常规，实则是日本传统木构建筑的典范范例。其独特感并非源于创新设计，而在于此类结构罕见地现身于民居之中，而非惯常的寺庙建筑。

Given its location, there is no doubt that some tourists may mistake it for a historical monument and stop to take photos. However, in fact, it is just one of the many simple houses standing next to each other in this town - although plain and unadorned, it is not inferior at all.
鉴于其所在位置，毫无疑问，会有游客误以为这是一座历史古迹，而驻足拍照。然而事实上，它不过是这座城镇中众多比邻而立的朴素民居之一 —— 虽然朴实无华，却也丝毫不逊色。

Note: Doma is a traditional Japanese architectural space located at the junction of indoor and outdoor spaces with a soil floor. Yukimi Shoji is a traditional sliding screen in Japan, with a frame covered in semi transparent paper and a glass window at the bottom for easy viewing of snowy gardens while sitting indoors.
注：土间（Doma）是日本传统建筑中位于室内外交界处的泥土地面空间。Yukimi Shoji 是日本传统滑动屏风，其框架覆以半透明和纸，下部设有玻璃窗，便于坐于室内时观赏雪景庭院。