克罗斯之家/Chaooffice

克罗斯之家/Chaooffice
House of Cross / Chaoffice

设计理念与功能整合：这座“克罗斯之家”的设计理念深刻地根植于对现实生活需求的响应。项目并非简单地追随传统或美学惯例，而是敏锐地捕捉了疫情后人们生活方式的变化，以及三代同堂、家庭办公的需求。设计师巧妙地将住宅与家庭办公室的功能整合在一起，避免了城市与乡村之间的通勤，体现了对居住者生活方式的细致考量。设计中，对场地特性的分析和利用也值得称赞，特别是在北京通州对建筑高度的限制下，设计师依然能通过单层建筑实现宽敞的庭院空间，这充分展现了对环境的尊重和对现实挑战的积极回应。

空间布局的创新与传统元素的融合：该项目在空间布局上展现了独特的创新。十字形的平面布局不仅赋予了建筑独特的视觉效果，更重要的是，它有效地划分了居住空间，创造了祖父母、父母、孩子和访客的私人空间，同时又通过细长的连接空间容纳各种公共功能。这种布局体现了多代同堂生活的节奏，在保持私密性的同时，也提供了交流互动所需的开放空间。设计师对传统乡村庭院住宅进行了改编和重新诠释，结合了现代生活的需求。这种对传统元素的尊重与创新，使得建筑既有文化底蕴，又充满现代感，体现了设计师对地域文化的深刻理解和对现代生活方式的精准把握。

细节设计中的匠心与对环境的尊重：在细节设计上，该项目展现了设计师的匠心独运。屋檐的处理就是一个很好的例子，设计师并未简单地将玻璃立面与屋檐对齐，而是降低了屋檐梁，营造出类似“蘑菇帽”的效果。这种设计不仅保持了舒适的室内空间，还创造了一种庇护感，让居住者在不同的天气条件下都能感受到舒适和安全。此外，外立面的设计也体现了对环境的尊重，建筑低调地融入周围环境，而非张扬。结构框架的后退设计，使建筑的立面更加通透，内部空间与外部环境得以融合，呈现了从庭院到房屋再到庭院的视野，创造出日常生活的多层次场景，将建筑与环境完美地结合在一起。

建筑师提供的文字描述。三年的疫情重塑了人们的生活和工作方式，这所房子的主人也不例外。2023年，他们决定回到村里父母的家，重建一座可以容纳三代人的房子，同时也可以作为家庭办公室。在未来几年，他们可能会永久定居在这里，不再需要在城市和农村之间通勤。与往常一样，这种设计的目的是应对现实生活中的挑战。它的目的不是接受“传统”或审美惯例的抽象概念。Kenneth Frampton写道，直面一个地方的固有问题可以成为发展批判性地区主义的机会。这个想法符合我自己的利益。
Text description provided by the architects. The three-year pandemic reshaped the way people live and work, and the owner of this house was no exception. In 2023, they decided to return to their parents' home in the village and rebuild a house that could accommodate three generations while also serving as a home office. In the years to come, they may settle here permanently, no longer needing to commute between the city and countryside for work. As always, the intent of this design is to address real-life challenges. It does not aim to embrace abstract notions of "tradition" or aesthetic conventions. Kenneth Frampton wrote that confronting a place's inherent issues can become an opportunity for the development of critical regionalism. This idea aligns with my own interests.

该项目位于北京通州，那里的建筑法规似乎比其他郊区更严格。例如，住宅地块仅限于屋檐高度不超过3米的单层结构。因此，西发村仍然平坦开阔。即使是最近翻修过的庭院，也继续遵循传统的合院布局，低矮地坐落在广阔的景观中。我第一次去那个地方是在一个下雨的下午。700平方米的庭院使现有的房子在广阔的天空下显得很小。尽管头顶乌云密布，但屋檐挡不住远处的蓝天和阳光。这种开放性和空间流动性是客户对新房子的第一印象。
The project is located in Tongzhou, Beijing, where building regulations appear to be stricter than in other suburban districts. For instance, residential plots are limited to single-story structures with an eave height of no more than 3 meters. As a result, Xifa Village remains flat and expansive. Even the more recently renovated courtyards continue to follow the traditional heyuan (courtyard house) layout, lying low against the vast landscape. My first visit to the site was on a rainy afternoon. The 700-square-meter courtyard made the existing house appear small beneath the immense sky. Despite the heavy clouds overhead, the eaves could not block the distant blue sky and sunlight. This sense of openness and spatial fluidity was the first thing the client expressed as their vision for the new house.

Plan

考虑到该场地的宽敞规模和项目的预算限制，我们计划建造一座占地300平方米的单层房屋。一栋体积适中、庭院宽敞的房子——这既是对传统乡村庭院住宅的改编，也是对其的重新诠释。这座房子被设计成一个交织的结构，它的翅膀向不同的方向延伸，并在两端连接。为了保持中央庭院的比例，侧翼被加固并从周边拉开，在后部形成了一个狭窄的次庭院。同样，朝北的主厅向南移动，开辟了一个后院。每个翼现在都享有双面自然光，而整个庭院则受益于不间断的视线。
Given the site's generous size and the project's budget constraints, we planned a single-story house with a footprint of 300 square meters. A house with a modest volume and a spacious courtyard—this would be both an adaptation and a reinterpretation of the traditional rural courtyard dwelling. The house is conceived as an interwoven structure, its wings extending in different directions and joining at their ends. To maintain the proportions of the central courtyard, the side wings were consolidated and pulled away from the perimeter, creating a narrow secondary courtyard at the rear. Similarly, the north-facing main hall was shifted southward, opening up a backyard. Each wing now enjoys dual-sided natural light, while the entire courtyard benefits from uninterrupted sightlines.

屋顶的山墙端向外延伸，延伸到场地的边界。从上面看，房子呈十字形。空间布局均匀分布，创造了一系列终点——祖父母、父母、孩子和来访客人的私人房间。祖父母和许多老年夫妇一样，更喜欢单独的卧室，房子的尽头允许这种微妙的划分。如果这些端点被视为延伸的肢体，那么房子的核心——它的连接空间——是细长的，被巧妙地分割开来，容纳了各种公共功能。这种安排反映了多代人生活的节奏，根据需要提供接近和分离。人们在这些空间中移动，在家庭聚会和更私人的互动之间切换。
The gabled ends of the roofs extend outward, reaching toward the site's boundaries. From above, the house forms a cross-like configuration. The spatial arrangement is evenly distributed, creating a series of terminal points—private rooms for the grandparents, parents, children, and visiting guests. The grandparents, like many elderly couples, preferred separate sleeping quarters, and the extremities of the house allowed for this subtle division. If these terminal points are seen as extended limbs, then the core of the house—its connective spaces—is elongated and subtly segmented, accommodating various public functions. This arrangement reflects the rhythms of multi-generational living, offering both proximity and separation as needed. People move through these spaces, shifting between moments of family gathering and more private interactions.

为了营造一种空间开放感，建筑的结构框架向屋脊退缩。来自不同方向的结构元素在剪力墙核心处汇聚，形成十字形结构锚。这座房子就像一个蘑菇，中心有支撑，屋檐向四面八方延伸。将周边从结构约束中解放出来，可以使立面溶解，融合内部和外部。十字形的布局创造了一个从近到远的视图——庭院、房子、庭院——揭示了日常生活的重叠场景。
To create a sense of spatial openness, the building's structural framework recedes toward the roof ridge. Structural elements from different directions converge at the shear wall cores, forming the cross-shaped structural anchor. The house, much like a mushroom, is supported at its center while its eaves extend outward in all directions. Freeing the perimeter from structural constraints allows the façade to dissolve, merging the interior and exterior. The cross-shaped layout creates a view that moves from near to far—courtyard, house, courtyard again—revealing overlapping scenes of daily life.

如果玻璃立面的上部框架与屋檐直接对齐，内部将安装超过3米的垂直玻璃。然而，这会让乘客感到暴露，并显著增加能源消耗。相反，我们把屋檐梁降低到2.4米，让屋檐像蘑菇帽的边缘一样向下延伸。这种解决方案在保持舒适的天花板高度的同时，也创造了一种庇护感——无论是在明媚的阳光下还是在大雨中，坐在窗边的人都感觉像是依偎在蘑菇帽下的小生物，受到保护，放松自在。
If the upper frames of the glass façades were aligned directly with the eaves, the interiors would have received over 3 meters of vertical glazing. However, this would have left the occupants feeling exposed and significantly increased energy consumption. Instead, we lowered the eaves beams to 2.4 meters, allowing the eaves to extend downward like the edge of a mushroom cap. This solution maintains a comfortable ceiling height while also creating a sense of shelter—whether under the bright sun or during heavy rain, those sitting by the window feel like small creatures nestled beneath a mushroom cap, protected and at ease.

虽然房子对庭院保持开放和透明，但它的外立面却恰恰相反。唯一面向外部的立面本身就是航站楼空间之一。入口半室外空间沿着倾斜的屋顶向下延伸，而砖砌围墙则随着街道和场地的向外坡度而向内延伸。总的来说，这座建筑靠在路边，低矮而低调。
While the house remains open and transparent toward the courtyard, its outward-facing façade is quite the opposite. The only exterior-facing elevation is itself one of the terminal spaces. The entrance semi-outdoor space extends downward along the sloping roof, while the brick perimeter wall, responding to the outward slope of the street and site, steps inward as it rises. As a whole, the building sits low and unassuming against the roadside.