布里森公共图书馆/Carlana Mezzalira Pentimalli

布里森公共图书馆/Carlana Mezzalira Pentimalli
Brixen Public Library / Carlana Mezzalira Pentimalli

项目亮点：布里森公共图书馆项目最引人注目的亮点在于其对历史文脉的尊重和巧妙的融合。建筑师没有选择简单地建造一座全新的图书馆，而是整合了现有的历史建筑，包括前财政部、前法院和前监狱的一部分。这种策略不仅保留了城市历史的肌理，也赋予了项目独特的个性。通过新建建筑与旧建筑的“对话”，项目创造了一种新旧交融的和谐感，将图书馆打造成了城市文脉的一部分。这种对历史的尊重和对文脉的延续，是项目最令人赞赏的特质。

设计精髓：该项目的精髓在于对空间和功能的创新性处理。建筑师将图书馆定位为一个“城市客厅”，一个欢迎和促进人际交流的场所。其设计打破了传统图书馆的封闭性和单一功能，提供了高度的灵活性和适应性。通过双层外壳结构、灵活的接入点以及多样的功能分区，图书馆能够满足不同年龄段、不同文化背景的人们的需求。此外，对自然采光的巧妙运用和定制家具的精心设计，营造了一个舒适、开放、充满活力的阅读环境。图书馆不再仅仅是书籍的容器，更是一个鼓励交流、学习和社区参与的场所。

建筑策略：项目所采用的建筑策略展现了对细节的极致追求。新建筑与旧建筑之间的连接并非简单的拼接，而是通过结构上的“树”状设计，以及对标高差异的巧妙处理，实现了新旧建筑的无缝衔接。细节之处，如倾斜的坡道、量身定制的家具、以及精心设计的采光系统，都体现了建筑师的用心。此外，对原有建筑的翻新，也最大限度地保留了其历史特色，并赋予了新的功能。这种对细节的关注和精益求精的工匠精神，使得该项目成为一个经得起推敲、值得细细品味的建筑杰作。

建筑师提供的文字描述建筑公司Carlana Mezzalira Pentimalli完成了新的Brixen公共图书馆（意大利博尔扎诺），距离多摩大教堂仅一箭之遥，这是一座成立于1984年的公共机构，拥有36000多本书的遗产，是整个伊萨科谷的一个里程碑。继音乐学院之后，该工作室将其在蒂罗尔州最古老的城市的影响力扩大了一倍，为社区提供了一个现代的学习和分享空间，一个温馨的城市客厅，加强了文化认同，并灌输了强烈的社会凝聚力。“这不是一个旨在作为大型书籍容器的图书馆，恰恰相反。这是一个深深植根于其背景的项目，旨在欢迎和产生人际关系和交流，将不同年龄段的文化、实践和人们交织在一起”；解释建筑师Michel Carlana、Luca Mezzalira和Curzio Pentimalli。
Text description provided by the architects. Architectural firm Carlana Mezzalira Pentimalli has completed the new Brixen Public Library (Bolzano, Italy), a stone's throw from the Duomo — a public institution founded in 1984, which, with its legacy of over 36.000 books represents a landmark for the entire Isarco Valley. Following on from the Music School, the studio doubles its presence in Tyrol's oldest city by giving the community a contemporary space for learning and sharing, a welcoming urban living room that reinforces cultural identity and instills a strong sense of social cohesion."This is not a library intended as a large container of books – quite the opposite. It is a project deeply rooted in its context, designed to welcome and generate human relationships and exchanges, intertwining cultures, practices, and people of different ages "; explain the architects Michel Carlana, Luca Mezzalira, and Curzio Pentimalli.

Ground Floor Plan

该项目包括建造一个单一的综合体，其中包括一座新建筑，以及修复和吞并前财政部、前法院的一部分（前两层）和前监狱的现有建筑（一楼和一楼的一部分）。通过重新定义现有的外部空间、前财政部大楼南北的两个行人通道区域以及与布鲁诺大道相邻的花园来完成干预，布鲁诺大道曾经是私人的，归主教所有。干预位于前法院以南，在两座现有建筑之间产生的空隙中，安静而极为恭敬地融入周围环境，在拆除之前，这里有一块地属于教区。连接基础设施，新建筑在结构上就像一棵倾斜着水泥“树枝”的“树”前财政部和前法院的建筑，建立了新旧之间的永恒关系，并激励建筑师将该项目重新命名为“文化之树Kulturbaum”。
The project consists of the construction of a unitary complex which includes a new building and the restoration and annexation of the existing buildings of the Ex Finance, a portion of the Ex Court (the first two levels), and the Ex-Prison (part of the ground floor and first floor. The intervention is completed by the redefinition of the existing external spaces, two pedestrian access areas to the north and south of the Ex Finance building, and the garden adjacent to Via Bruno, which was once private and owned by the Bishop. Planting itself silently and extremely respectfully into its surroundings, the intervention is located south of the Ex Court, in the void generated between two existing buildings, where, before the demolition, a lot belonged to the Diocese. A real connecting infrastructure, the new building behaves structurally like a "tree" that leans its cement "branches" towards the buildings of the Ex Finance and the Ex Court, establishing a perpetual relationship between new and old, and inspiring the architects to rename the project, "Kulturbaum, tree of culture".

这种类比在平面层面上继续进行，这是由于当代公共图书馆的空间需要极大的灵活性和适应性。这座建筑远非采用经典的货架系统，而是有一个双周界外壳，位于外部混凝土墙和覆盖内部的木镶板之间，容纳了大部分服务空间：从垂直分布到厕所，再到带书架、固定长椅、桌子等的家具。这个“皮层”包围了空间，使其完全摆脱了任何功能性的义务。环境的多样性也指导了图书馆的预期管理和使用。通过控制一些战略接入点，该综合体可以完全或部分渗透到不同的楼层。通过这种方式，建筑物和相关的外部附属物都是独立的元素，可以自主使用，在不同的时间执行多种功能和事件。新建筑和现有建筑之间建立的连接是有形的，可以满足形式、功能和分配需求。这座新建筑是一个体量通过收缩和膨胀变形，根据周围的立体感重新组合的结果。这种复杂的变化远非自我参照，它就像一个敏感的有机体，不断适应场地和项目的需求。
The analogy continues on a planimetric level, dictated by the need for great flexibility and adaptability of the spaces of a contemporary public library. Far from adopting the classic shelving system, the building has a double perimeter shell located between the external concrete walls and the wooden paneling that covers the interiors, and which houses most of the serving spaces: from the vertical distribution to the toilets to the furniture with bookcases, fixed benches, tables, and more. This "cortex" envelops the space, completely freeing it from any functional obligation. The versatility of the environments has also guided the intended management and use of the library. By controlling some strategic access points, the complex can be completely or partially permeable to the different floors. In this way, both the buildings and the related external appurtenances serve as independent elements to be used autonomously, to perform multiple functions and events at different times. The connections that are created between the new building and the existing buildings are tangible and fulfill formal, functional, and distributive needs. The new building is the result of a mass that deforms through contractions and dilations to recompose itself according to the surrounding stereometries. Far from self-referencing, the complex changes as if it were a sensitive organism that continuously adapts to the needs of the site and the project.

Section A

为了解决三栋建筑之间的细微标高差异，新的“分支”通过轻微的坡度来补偿标高的变化。新卷包含两个具有不同特征的垂直链接。封闭式消防通道除了作为法院所有楼层的紧急出口外，还充当连接新大楼底层和阁楼的楼梯。开放式楼梯相对于沿着各个楼层发展的功能块进行了重心定位。它促进了楼层之间的快速连接，邀请那些走过它的人欣赏新的空间感。从结构和功能上讲，这两个楼梯都融入了“皮质”，而现有的前金融楼梯主要用于服务用途。
To resolve the minor differences in elevation between the three buildings, the new "branches" compensate for the changes in elevation through slight slopes. The new volume contains two vertical links with different characteristics. The closed fire escape, in addition to serving all floors of the courthouse as an emergency exit, also acts as a staircase that connects the ground floor with the attic of the new building. The open staircase has been positioned barycentrically with respect to the functional masses that develop along the various levels. It facilitates quick connections between the floors, inviting those who walk through it to enjoy glimpses of the new spatiality. Compositionally and functionally, both staircases are incorporated into the "cortex", while the pre-existing Ex-Finance staircase is mainly intended for service use.

通过插入量身定制的家具元素，确保了外部与新图书馆内部之间的完全连续性，旨在作为一个真正的公共空间。进入新大楼就像走进市中心的一部分。从一楼通过信息亭进入新大楼。从这里，接待区占据了一个宽敞的四层高空间，可以使用电梯。在南边，有一个可以独立使用的报纸图书馆，确保了极佳的灵活性。在一楼，小说区被设计成一个开放空间，通过第二个接待区可以进入前法院和前金融中心的活动区，或通过楼梯和电梯进入上层。二楼主要是非小说/论文区，直接与前金融大楼相连，扩展了这一功能。
Total continuity is guaranteed between the exteriors, enhanced by the insertion of tailored furnishing elements, and the interiors of the new library, intended to perform as a truly public space. Entering the new building is like stepping into a portion of the city center. Access to the new building is from the ground floor through the infotheque. From here, a generous quadruple-height space, occupied by the reception area, grants access to the lifts. To the south, there is a newspaper library that can be made independent, ensuring excellent flexibility. On the first floor, the fiction area is designed as an open space that provides access — through a second reception area — to the activities located in the Ex Court and ExFinance or to the upper floors via a staircase and lifts. The second floor is mainly occupied by the non-fiction/treatise area, which directly connects to the Ex-Finance building, extending this function.

Section B

在三楼，一个额外的接待区充当了多功能室和文学活动区之间的连接处。厕所、清洁室、存储区和信息台均匀分布在各个楼层。其他现有建筑的翻新增强了其古老的特色和高度的灵活性，以适应向公众开放的不同活动。前金融大楼被配置为通往新干预措施的入口，主要面向多摩广场。在一楼，除了通往北部（主要）和南部（次要）的两个入口外，还有一个信息中心、一个借阅和归还区以及衣帽间。一楼是图书馆的内部办公室，而二楼和三楼则是非小说和论文的空间以及一个多功能室。可通过指定的独立楼梯间和电梯进入。
On the third floor, an additional reception area acts as a junction between the multipurpose room and the literary events area. Toilets, cleaning rooms, storage areas, and information desks are evenly distributed on the various levels. The renovation of the other existing buildings has enhanced their ancient character and their high degree of flexibility to accommodate different activities open to the public. The Ex-Finance building is configured as an access point to the new intervention with the main front facing Piazza Duomo. On the ground floor, in addition to the two access points to the north (main) and south (secondary), there is an infotheque, a borrow and return area, and cloakroom spaces. The first floor houses the internal offices of the library, while the second and third floors host spaces for non-fiction and treatises and a multipurpose room. Accessibility is granted through a designated independent stairwell and lift.

前法院大楼的一楼主要设有服务区：自动化仓库、24小时借阅和归还检查区、外部柜台、厕所和技术室。一楼包括儿童区、儿童区和音乐部，配有档案室、游戏室和多功能室。入口位于建筑南侧的一楼，儿童区位于走廊的东侧，游戏室位于西侧。沿着走廊继续前行，在壁画室之前，多功能室位于东侧，音乐档案室位于西侧。在北部，儿童区位于一个更隐蔽的环境中，有两个独立的房间和一个大面积的区域，也可以用装有书籍和游戏的家具隔开。
The ground floor of the Ex Court building mainly houses service areas: automated warehouses, the area for checking the 24-hour borrow and return area, an external counter, toilets, and technical rooms. The first floor encompasses the children's area, the kids' area, and the music department with an archive, playroom, and a multipurpose room. The entrance is located on the first floor from the south of the building, the children's area is situated on the east side of the corridor, while the playroom is on the west. Continuing along the corridor, before the frescoes room, the multipurpose room is located to the east and the music archive to the west. To the north, the children's area is housed in a more secluded setting, with two independent rooms and a large area that can also be divided with furniture containing books and games.

在前监狱大楼内，建造了一个通道走廊和一个相邻的辅助房间。自然采光受到了特别关注，这不仅对阅读至关重要，而且对书籍的维护和保护也至关重要。建筑的南墙没有有趣的景色，故意设置了百叶窗，以防止直射光线进入，并在内部配备了一个占据整个建筑高度的“书架墙”。这种连续的boiserie成为图书馆作为知识宝库的宣言。背景的主要组成部分被重新诠释为当代风格，例如特征性的“erker”——历史中心的典型弓形窗户。其中两个，一个巨大的订单，有利于战略观点：这座建筑俯瞰着布里森的两个主要区域，一侧是白塔和大教堂的钟楼，另一侧是主教宫，与城市的地标和最具标志性的元素保持着连续性。从形式上讲，外面的两个壁龛代表了建筑体积的延伸，在建筑内部，它们再现了北欧文化的典型空间性，形成了阅读或欣赏风景的理想壁龛。这些大窗户沿着内外边界延伸，其设计有利于在人流量和集中度最大的地方获得间接光。
In the Ex-prison building, a passage gallery and an adjacent ancillary room have been built. Special attention has been paid to natural lighting, which is essential not only for reading but also for the maintenance and conservation of books. The south wall of the building, devoid of interesting views, is deliberately blind to prevent the entry of direct light, and equipped on the inside with a "bookcase wall" that occupies the entire height of the building. This continuous boiserie becomes the library's manifesto as a treasure chest of knowledge. The main components of the context have been reinterpreted in a contemporary key, such as the characteristic "erker"– typical bow windows that characterize the historic center. Two of these, of a giant order, favor strategic views: the building overlooks the two main areas of Brixen, the White Tower and the bell tower of the Cathedral on one side, and the Bishop's Palace on the other, tracing a line of continuity with the city's landmarks and most iconic elements. Formally, the two erkers on the outside represent the extension of the volume of the building, within which they recreate a spatiality typical of Nordic culture, forming alcoves ideal for reading or admiring the landscape. The large windows, which trace the boundary between inside and outside, have been designed to favor indirect light at the points where there is the greatest flux and concentration of people.

最后，由于不同楼层的铰接式收缩系统，放置在复杂斜屋顶顶部的两个大型天窗允许阳光穿过建筑物的整个高度并到达一楼，这在它们之间的内省系统中起着至关重要的作用。由于建筑的几何和体积的复杂性，每一个内部景观都是不同的，其中所有东西都是定制设计的，外部用干净而基本的线条伪装，与现有的结构完美融合。Carlana Mezzalira Pentimalli的新Brixen公共图书馆项目加强了建筑与背景之间的密切关系。它的正式成果是一个公共场所，灵感来自Brixen的建筑特征，在那里新旧交替，恢复了能够交织历史和当代结构的卓越建筑。
Finally, two large skylights placed at the top of the complex pitched roof allow the sun's rays to cross the entire height of the building and reach the ground floor, thanks to an articulated system of retraction of the different floors, which plays a fundamental role in the introspection system between them. Each internal glimpse, in which everything has been custom designed, is different, due to the great geometric and volumetric complexity of the building, camouflaged on the outside with clean and essential lines that blend perfectly with the pre-existing structures. The project of the new Brixen Public Library project by Carlana Mezzalira Pentimalliintensifies the close relationship between architecture and context. Its formal outcome is a public venue, inspired by the architectural characteristics of Brixen, where the new feeds the old and vice versa, restoring exceptional architecture capable of interweaving historical and contemporary fabric.