一块甲板的空间正义：甲板花园 / VIA维亚景观

空间策略的克制与大胆：以“甲板”隐喻重塑公共性：本项目最具建筑师视角的精髓在于其对传统景观设计手法的扬弃，即放弃多层次结构和刻意“造景”，转而采用最简单、最直接的“甲板”这一几何体作为核心设计母题。这块长约90米、宽15米的平台，不仅是一个物理空间的操作，更是一种强有力的社区公共空间共享的“提示和隐喻”。通过最大化开放性、连续性和尺度感，设计师成功地将原本封闭、杂乱的绿地转化为一个可被居民直接使用的、具有高度场所精神的“场域”。这种克制的表达和大胆的策略性介入，是理解其更新价值的关键。

高差利用与“风景平权”的空间正义实践：设计巧妙地解决了老旧社区的“景观隔离”问题。通过将场地东侧甲板抬高1.5米，使之与相邻高品质商品房小区处于相似的城市景观标高（约5.4米），成功实现了使用者感受上的“蓝绿融合”。这一举措不仅将原先被阻隔的浪水浜滨水景观引入了由由社区居民的视野，更体现了设计师对城市公共资源“风景平权”的深刻关怀。起翘的甲板不仅创造了多层次的休憩和交往空间，更在物理和心理层面修复了社区在城市肌理中的边缘化状态。

一体化设计语言与自下而上的系统更新导向：甲板花园的设计将无障碍、活动场地、休憩、绿化渗透、邻里视线组织等所有功能需求，统一在“甲板”这一长条形几何逻辑之下，展现出高度凝练的一体化设计语言。这种简洁高效的介入，催生了居民自发的、意想不到的活动，尤其对儿童“自发活动”的鼓励，远胜于僵硬的游乐设施。更重要的是，这个口袋公园的成功更新，被用作“以点带线、连线成环”的契机，启动了长达1800米的“15分钟漫步圈”系统更新，实现了从单点项目到区域性社区规划的有效延伸和实践。

The Youyou Community (Youyou New Village), where this project is located, is an old community in Huamu Subdistrict, Pudong New Area, Shanghai. It was built starting in 1993 on expropriated farmland through the self-reliance of the local village and town collectives under the background of Pudong's development and opening-up, known as a "Peasant City/Peasant New Village." The construction concept of "'田' (field) shape emerging to form '由' (You)" was the most direct and simple expression of the local residents' (villagers/farmers) vision for excelling and achieving a better urbanized life in the future. Looking back over 40 years later, the community's external spaces are perceived as narrow, enclosed, and introverted because most community-level roads are non-motorized and motorized mixed-use, two-way, two-lane roads with widths not exceeding 9 meters, narrow sidewalks along the roads, and crowded roadside parking, resulting in a lack of relatively centralized resident interaction spaces. Furthermore, the site for the Deck Garden, before its renovation, was a strip of green space under closed management with messy greenery, winding internal paths, and a lack of activity areas. The lack of publicness and the relatively complex spatial structure of the green space undoubtedly intensified the previously mentioned negative perception of the overall environment.

本项目所在的由由社区（由由新村）是位于上海市浦东新区花木街道的老旧社区，是在浦东开发开放背景下，最早于 1993 年开始使用农地征地款由本地村镇集体自力更生建设的“农民城/农民新村”。而“‘田’字出头是为‘由’”的建设理念，便是当时本地居民（村民/农民）对出人头地与未来美好城市化生活最直接朴素的愿景表达。再到 40 多年后的今天来看，由于由由社区内城市道路多是车行宽度不超过 9 米的机非混行双向双车道的社区级道路、两侧人行道也较窄，且道路沿线停车拥挤，整体社区外部空间感受是狭仄、封闭、内向的，缺乏感受上相对集中的居民交往空间。同时，甲板花园所在场地在更新前是封闭管理且绿化杂乱、内部路径曲折、缺乏活动场地的带状绿地，绿地空间的公共性缺失与相对复杂的空间结构无疑又进一步加强了前述整体空间的负面感受。

Therefore, at the very beginning of designing this "Community Garden/Pocket Park," we abandoned the traditional design approach of multi-layered spatial structures often used in 'garden/park' designs, as well as the motivation of 'landscape creation' in the traditional or mainstream landscape sense. Instead, we shifted towards a simpler and more direct expression. By removing the perimeter walls of the green space, we implanted a complete "Deck" measuring 90 meters long east-west and 15 meters wide north-south, serving as a prompt and metaphor for the greatest possible sharing of community public space, providing residents with an open, continuous, complete, and scaled-up green public space experience. While maximally preserving and protecting the existing large trees, we focused on the functional roles of this "Deck" at different locations, considering the adjacent relationships with surrounding residences, roads, and the river, and subsequently developed the specific design, naming the project "Deck Garden."

因此，我们在开始这个“社区花园/口袋公园”设计之初，就放弃了传统“花园/公园”设计中多层次空间结构设计的手法，同时也放弃了传统或主流景观意义上“造景”的动机，转向更简单直接的表达。在移除绿地围墙的同时，开门见山的植入一块完整的东西长 90 米、南北宽 15 米的“甲板”，以此作为社区公共空间最大程度共享的提示和隐喻，为居民提供开放、连续完整、尺度放大的绿色公共空间体验。并在最大限度保留保护现场大树的前提下，结合场地周边住宅、道路、河流的相邻关系，聚焦这块“甲板”在不同位置的使用功能与作用进而展开具体设计，并将本项目命名为“甲板花园”。

Analysis Diagram

The most important urban public landscape adjacent to the Deck Garden is the Langshuibang waterway on the east side of the site. Before the renovation, due to the site's elevation (measured at 4 meters above sea level) being 1.4 meters lower than the riverbank retaining wall elevation (measured at 5.4 meters above sea level), combined with closed management and messy existing greenery, residents strolling or relaxing could neither visually nor behaviorally reach the waterfront edge of Langshuibang. This situation rendered the waterfront landscape of Langshuibang almost exclusively enjoyed by high-quality newly built commercial residential communities across the river, such as "Pudong Galaxy" (with its waterfront promenade elevation measured at 5.6 meters and internal roads at 7.6 meters) and "Jinxiu Qiancheng" (with its waterfront promenade elevation measured at 6 meters).

场地东侧紧临的浪水浜是甲板花园周边最重要的城市公共景观。而在更新改造前，由于项目现场场地标高（现场实测海拔为 4 米）相对河道驳岸标高（现场实测海拔为 5.4 米）低 1.4 米，也由于封闭管理与杂乱的现状绿化，在其中散步游憩的居民在行为与视线上都无法到达浪水浜滨水岸线。这样的情况使浪水浜滨河景观几乎成为河对岸拥有滨河步道的“浦东星河湾（现场实测临浪水浜滨水步道海拔为 5.6 米、小区内道路海拔为 7.6 米）”、“锦绣前程（现场实测临浪水浜滨水步道海拔为 6 米）”等高品质新建商品房小区独享的城市景观。

Thus, in our design, we intentionally elevated a section of the deck adjacent to Langshuibang by 1.5 meters. Combined with the retained existing large trees, this created a "Upturned Deck" accommodating various forms of social interaction. Here, residents of the Youyou Community can stand at virtually the same urban space elevation as residents of the high-end residential communities across the river to enjoy the scenery and rest, achieving a "Blue-Green Integration" in user perception. They can also look eastward along Langshuibang towards recently built landmark buildings like the Pudong Library not far away, and gaze north towards the world-class urban skyline of the "Lujiazui Three-piece Suite" 6 kilometers away, enabling Youyou Community residents to resonate closely with Shanghai's urban development right at their doorstep.

于是，我们在设计中将邻近浪水浜的甲板局部抬高 1.5 米，并结合现场保留大树形成一个容纳不同形式交往活动的“起翘的甲板”。在这里，由由社区居民可以站在与河对岸高端住宅小区居民几乎相同的城市空间标高上赏景休憩，形成使用者感受上的“蓝绿融合”。也可以沿浪水浜向东看向不远处的浦东图书馆等近年新建地标建筑景观，向北远眺 6 公里外的世界级城市景观“陆家嘴三件套”，令由由社区居民可以在家门口近距离与上海的城市发展同频共振。

Regarding the spatial configuration of the Deck Garden, we implemented three specific design elements. Firstly, due to the site's elongated, strip-like morphology with a small north-south dimension (between 22 and 35 meters), we planted a large rectangular green area in the central zone of the deck to mitigate potential noise disturbance to adjacent households that might arise from concentrated activities. This green intervention also creates a spatial perception of a "green courtyard" within the sightlines of neighboring residents. Secondly, to encourage surrounding residents to use the Deck Garden for recreation and to satisfy the need for temporary rest when passing by, we installed a set of benches integrated with tree pits at the entrance on the west side along Yanzhong Road, combining existing preserved Cedar trees with newly added Ginkgo trees. This effectively projects the relaxed and free experience of the Deck Garden out onto the street.

关于甲板花园的空间营造，我们做了三处具体的设计。首先，由于项目用地形态为长条形，南北向距离长度较小，约在 22 米至 35 米之间，为减少集中场地活动可能引发对相邻住户的噪音干扰，我们在甲板中心区域植入较大面积的矩形绿地，并借此形成相邻住户视线中“绿色庭院”的空间感受。其次，为鼓励周边居民进入甲板花园开展游憩活动和满足路过时临时休憩的需求，我们在西侧沿严中路的入口处结合现状保留雪松与新增银杏设置了一组结合树穴的坐凳，并以此将甲板花园中松弛自由的体验感受推向街头。

Finally, regarding the design of the "Upturned Deck," the design is divided into three aspects: First, within the elevation change from the ground level (0) to the 1.5-meter raised section, we integrated barrier-free ramps and a fun activity area combined with steps. Second, on the highest platform of the deck, we partitioned spaces for different types of rest activities by integrating existing preserved large trees and newly planted canopy trees, encouraging the coupling of small-scale interpersonal interactions and spaces with distinct characteristics. Third, the transition space from the highest point of the deck down towards the riverside view was designed as a combination of steps and tiered seating facing the Langshuibang waterway, thus encouraging more spontaneous leisure activities.

最后是关于“起翘的甲板”的设计，这里的设计又分为三个方面：第一，在从场地正负 0 到抬高 1.5 米的空间里将无障碍坡道、结合台阶设置的趣味活动场地进行一体化设计；第二，在甲板最高处平台结合现状保留大树与新增乔木进行结合不同休憩活动的空间划分，鼓励小尺度人际交往活动与不同特征空间的耦合；第三，我们将甲板最高处到滨河景观的空间设计为台阶与面向浪水浜河景的坐凳相结合的形式，以此鼓励更多随机休闲活动的发生。

All the design content mentioned above appears to stem from solving specific spatial problems and creating spatial interest; however, in reality, they are all controlled by the formal logic of the strip-shaped space of the "Deck" and expressed through an integrated design language. In actual use, one can observe that adult fitness activities, children's spontaneous play, and resting behaviors of all ages occur harmoniously within the small and extremely simple space of the Deck Garden, with each finding its place. The children's "spontaneous activities" are particularly gratifying; the "spontaneous activity" here might even be understood by children as "self-invented activity," a process that should be far more beneficial for their future personality development than the pleasure brought by a specific piece of playground equipment.

以上所有设计内容，看似都以解决具体的空间问题和创造空间趣味为出发点，但事实上都在“甲板”长条形空间的形式逻辑的控制之下，并以一体化的设计语言进行表达。在实际使用中，也可以看到成年人的健身活动、儿童自发的趣味活动与各年龄段的休憩行为都在甲板花园不大且极为简单的空间中各得其所的同时发生。尤其一些儿童的“自发活动”更是令人欣慰，在这里的“自发活动”甚至可能被儿童理解为“自己发明的活动”，这样的过程对于他们未来的人格成长应当会比一个具体的儿童游乐设备所带来的乐趣的作用大得多。

In terms of scale, function, and landscape characteristics, the Deck Garden is a "pocket park" serving the community. However, the design proposal's expression regarding green public lifestyle in high-density old communities in the central city and its pursuit of "landscape equity" towards external urban public landscapes has transformed this pocket park into an opportunity and a catalyst for improving the environmental friendliness of the entire Youyou Community for its residents on a larger scale. After the Deck Garden proposal was approved by various parties in September 2021, to further improve accessibility and convenience for residents to reach adjacent transportation and cultural facilities, the design team and the owner's team jointly planned the "15-Minute Walking Circle" for the southern area of the Youyou Community: an accessible walking loop, approximately 1800 meters in total length, starting from the Deck Garden. This loop served as a clue to construct a public spatial system of adjacent landscapes, completing a series of small yet sophisticated and systematic design works, including opening up pedestrian breakpoints along the waterfront, optimizing the organization of existing non-motorized vehicle parking spaces, differentiating and integrating recreational paths with commuting paths, upgrading the waiting environment at the entrance area of the kindergarten along the route, optimizing the under-canopy spaces of urban protective green belts, and implanting small-scale landscape resting spots and facilities.

就规模、功能与景观特征而言，甲板花园是一处面向社区服务的“口袋公园”。而甲板花园的设计方案中关于中心城区高密度老旧社区的绿色公共生活方式与面对社区外部城市公共景观“风景平权”追求的表达，却让甲板花园这个口袋公园成为更大范围内为由由社区居民提升社区环境友好度的契机和引爆点。在 2021 年 9 月甲板花园方案通过各方审议后，为更好的完善与提升社区居民到相邻交通设施、文化设施的可达性与便利性，设计团队与业主团队共同策划了由由社区南片区“15 分钟漫步圈”：一个以甲板花园为起点、总长约 1800 米的无障碍漫步环。并以“15 分钟漫步圈”为线索建构沿线公共景观空间系统，完成滨水步行断点打通、现状非机动车停车空间梳理优化、游赏型步道与通勤步道的分型与融合、沿线幼儿园入口区域等候环境提升、城市防护绿地林下空间优化、小尺度景观游憩场所与设施植入等一系列小而美又具有系统性的设计工作。

This dynamic renewal, starting from the renovation of a pocket park (Deck Garden) and extending to the creation of a systematic community public space network ("Point-leading-to-Line, Connecting-Lines-into-a-Ring" - the 15-Minute Walking Circle), has become a possible path and effective practice for "bottom-up community planning" within the context of contemporary Chinese urban renewal. Furthermore, although the VIA design team was not invited to design the renovation of Youyou Park, which is immediately west of the Deck Garden, they earnestly hope that the future renovation of Youyou Park will incorporate the achievements of the Deck Garden and the Youyou Community Southern Area's "15-Minute Walking Circle" update, considering the overall community public space system more comprehensively and systematically regarding Youyou Park's landscape appearance, functional configuration, and behavior guidance.

这个以口袋公园（甲板花园）更新营造为起点、进而实现“以点带线、连线成环”的社区公共空间系统（15 分钟漫步圈）的动态更新，也成为了中国当代城市更新背景下“自下而上的社区规划”的一种可能的路径与有效的实践方法。此外，尽管 VIA 设计团队并未受到甲板花园西侧紧邻的由由公园的更新设计邀约，但仍殷切期望：后续由由公园的更新应当结合甲板花园与由由社区南片区“15 分钟漫步圈”的更新成果，在关于由由公园的景观风貌、功能设定、行为引导等方面做立足于整体社区公共空间系统的更完整与系统化的考量。