旧金山南方公园

旧金山南方公园
South Park, San Francisco

弗莱彻工作室：建于1852，作为一个英国风景如画的花园，在十九世纪底向公众开放，南公园是旧金山最古老的公共空间。经过165年的发展，南方公园满足了不同人群的需求，包括移民、难民、设计师、艺术家和年轻专业人士。今天，公园仍然坐落在众多不同经济和文化的交汇处。南方公园位于旧金山索玛区的中心，该市是商业和文化的中心，有许多博物馆、技术和设计事业，还有城市的职业棒球体育场。该地区也是经济多样化人口的家园，公寓和高价值商业地产附近有住宅酒店。鉴于这种多样性，1.2英亩的公园需要提供各种灵活和反应灵敏的空间，以满足游客的独特需求。公园的重新设计在满足灵活公共空间需求的同时，缓解了主要的基础设施和功能问题，包括排水不良和缺乏可达性。
Fletcher Studio: Built in 1852 as an English picturesque strolling garden and opened to the public at the end of the 19th century, South Park is the oldest public space in San Francisco. Over 165 years of evolution, South Park has served the needs of diverse populations, including immigrants, refugees, designers, artists, and young professionals. Today, the park continues to sit at the intersection of a multitude of distinct economies and cultures. South Park is located in the heart of the SOMA District of San Francisco, the city’s hub for business and culture, containing many museums, tech and design businesses, as well as the city’s professional baseball stadium. The area is also home to an economically diverse population, with residential hotels adjacent to condos and high value commercial real estate. Given this diversity, the 1.2 acre park needed to provide a variety of flexible and responsive spaces to meet the unique needs of its visitors. The park redesign negotiates between the need for flexible public spaces while alleviating major infrastructural and functionalissues including poor drainage and lack of ADA accessibility.

South Park, San Francisco

Contemporary Picturesque

公园的新设计可以说是对风景如画的当代诠释，引导游客沿着精心设计的蜿蜒小径前行，同时展示各种便利设施和灵活的空间。正式设计决策的主要决定因素由现有树木、保留结构、流通模式、接入点、社会节点和预期用途的层次结构驱动。该层次结构使用参数化软件Grasshopper进行映射，并用于生成沿单个路径连接关键吸引子的快速设计迭代。通过将这些点连接起来，设计形成了一个连贯的线性长廊，连接了各种舒适空间，同时蜿蜒在色彩丰富、耐旱的植物中。沿着道路排列的规划元素通过不同规模的广场固定，广场形成于关键的交合点，通过道路的加厚和变薄。
The new design of the park may be described as a contemporary interpretation of the picturesque, guiding visitors along a carefully choreographed, meandering pathway while revealing a variety of accessible amenities and flexible spaces. The primary determining factors of the formal design decisions were driven by a hierarchy of existing trees, structures to remain, circulation patterns, access points, social nodes and intended use. This hierarchy was mapped using Grasshopper, a parametric software, and used to generate quick design iterations connecting key attractors along a single path. By linking these points, the design forms a consistent linear promenade connecting a variety of amenity spaces while meandering amongst colorful, drought-tolerant plantings.The programmatic elements arrayed along the pathway are anchored by varying scales of plazas, formed at key junctures, through the thickening and thinning of the path.

设计策略采用了四种紧密结合的材料系统：可扩展的模块化铺路单元；坡草地；植被渗透盆地；以及低矮的挡土墙。由此产生的设计包括一系列穿过公园的长墙，以界定空间、保持坡度，并提供座位和保护，使其免受相邻街道的影响。该道路的构造系统由现场浇筑混凝土铺路构成，其结构类似于单个“平板”铺路机，具有圆形边缘和沿公园南北轴排列的“滑块”带。这两个元素的组合允许对响应上下文/外部空间需求的路径宽度进行相干调制，并对响应特定位置条件的路径边缘进行细粒度调整。Grasshopper被用于开发响应性三维工作模型，整合现场数据，包括现有公用设施和地形。通过修改输入，可以快速调整摊铺片的宽度、长度和分布，允许进行现场特定的调整。对墙体轮廓、厚度、边缘半径甚至skate阻垢剂的分布和频率的更新也实现了自动化，有助于简化施工文件编制过程。
The design strategy utilized four tightly bound material systems: expandable, modular paving units; sloping meadows; vegetated infiltration basins; and low retaining walls. The resulting design includes a series of long walls that flow through the park, to define spaces, hold grade, and provide seating and protection from the adjacent streets. The tectonic system for the path is comprised of site-cast concrete paving constructed to look like individual “tablet” pavers with rounded edges and “slider” bands that are arrayed along the north/south axis throughout the park. The combination of these two elements allows for a coherent modulation in the width of the path responding to contextual/external spatial desires, and fine-grain adjustment of the path edge that responds to site-specific conditions. Grasshopper was used to develop a responsive 3-D working model, integrating the site data including existing utilities and topography. Paving tablet width, length, and distribution could be quickly adjusted by modifying inputs, allowing for site specific adjustments. Updates to wall profiles, thickness, edge radii and even the distribution and frequency of skate deterrents were also automated, helping streamline the construction documentation process.

一个编程元素包括一个“通用”游戏区。定制设计的游戏结构形式的灵感来源于两个连接圆圈的简单图像和海洋软体动物裸鳃动物的美丽流动性。圆形护道从运动场表面升起，当结构向地面倾斜时与结构相接。土丘具有多种功能，提供非正式的游戏空间和游戏元素，同时沿结构边缘形成一条可进入的路径。在这里，参数化建模使公司能够快速生成结构和地形的多个版本，Grasshopper自动分配网状物、配件和游戏元素，以响应周边和内部管道形式的操作。
One programmatic element included a ‘universal’ play area. The form of the custom designed play structure was inspired by the simple image of two connecting circles and the beautiful fluidity of Nudibranch, a sea mollusk. Rounded berms rise from the play surface, to meet the structure as it dips down towards the ground. The mounds have multiple functions, providing informal play space and access to play elements, while framing an accessible path along the edge of the structure. Here, parametric modelling allowed the firm to quickly generate multiple versions of the structure and topography, with Grasshopper automatically distributing netting, fittings, and play elements in response to the manipulation of the perimeter and interior tube forms.

A Sustainable Park for All

耐旱种植、性能生物渗透花园和利用现场收集雨水的灌溉系统共同创造了生态可持续设计。然而，公园也是社会可持续的，满足经济多样化人口的需求，为所有年龄段的人提供无障碍的游戏空间，并为公共用途提供多样化的空间。公园内没有围栏，开放给所有人，而短混凝土座椅和挡土墙为日常生活剧院提供了非正式的座椅和舞台。通过将历史分析与参数化设计和当代美学相结合，南方公园成功地成为一个生态和社会可持续的公园，为使用、连接和愉悦创造了舞台，同时创造了一个既有吸引力又不断发展的空间。
Drought tolerant plantings, performative bioinfiltration gardens, and an irrigation system that utilizes rainwater collected on-site work together to create an ecologically sustainable design. However, the park is also socially sustainable, meeting the needs of an economically diverse population, providing accessible play space for all ages, and offering diverse spaces for public use. A lack of fences opens the park to all, while short concrete seat and retaining walls offer informal seating and stages for the theater of daily life. By combining historical analysis with parametric design and a contemporary aesthetic, South Park succeeds as an ecologically and socially sustainable park, setting the stage for use, connection, and delight while creating a space that is both magnetic and evolving.

Landscape Architect: Fletcher Studio
Project location: San Francisco, CA
Design year: 2014-2016
Year Built: 2017
Image Credits: Marion Brenner