文森特卡尔博特，PHYSALIA
计划：水上花园城邦清洁欧洲水道/浮动的实验室、博物馆和论坛
地点：欧洲水道：塞纳河，泰晤士河，伏尔加河，多瑙河，埃斯科等
表面面积：2000平方米
尺寸：高9.50m，长 80m，宽14.90m
结构：菲利普钢
水——全人类共享的利益。
超过1亿人没有任何途径获得饮用水。每天有三千人由于水污染而死亡。因此，水应该是大家共有的资源。许多非政府组织和联合国开发署 （联合国发展计划属）致力于建立一套健全的全球水资源共享管理系统而并非商业的一部分，能够连接公共和私人的机构，不仅在国家或地区的框架下，而且在世界范围内的一个新的联合国或专门的“临时”机构。
考虑到全球人口（联合国预测2050年达到92亿），软水用水量每年将达到40000立方米。而现今世界目前每年仅消耗5500立方米的水（其中70％用于农业，20％用于工业，10％为家庭用水），以满足星球上广泛的社会需求。和偏见相反，水量是不可计数的。什么是才重要的，是社会在水资源分布不平等的地球上建立供应通道的能力，特别北方和南方之间。事实上，只有9个国家共同分享全球每年60％的水循环！
2009年3月初伊斯坦布尔世界水论坛期间提出的呼吁需要以这些为基础理解：“和水资源的贡献相比，在减少温室气体排放对抗温室效应或金融危机上的花费都是微不足道的。（……）水应该是农业，能源、卫生，基础设施和教育等政策的重心。（……）水的管理者们相信这一点的，但不参与的决定。国家元首和政府必须把握它。”（协调员奥尔贾伊云韦尔在伊斯坦布尔论坛发表的最终报告）
每人都享受干净的饮用和供应
欧洲考虑到适应气候变化和水资源质量和数量退化，为每一个人供应饮用水和增加水路运输（用低碳交通工具）将成为有关水的两个新的生态和全球性挑战。来自120个国家的科学家与生态学家，在2009年聚集于伊斯坦堡举办的世界水论坛，研究联合国与世界水理事会提出的避免2030年全球一半人口将面临的水资源危机的方法。
在这方面，“Physalia”显示为一个建筑原型，其目的是满足对水资源的可持续管理共享知识的需求。 这是一个两栖船，半水生和半地面，不仅旨在大规模地缘政治生态和水结合的经济，而且在欧洲范围内制定的战略解决方案振兴水系。 真正的游动的流体水力实验室，致力于实现国际科学合作网络。“Physalia”还将制定环境资源的新原型，将展示其关于这一问题最先进的研究：
在消费方面的水：节约用水，地下水再充满，雨水控制收集，家庭和工业用水的回收利用，自农业（硝酸盐、农业源）产生的污水的净化，海水淡化，湿地保护，城市与农业的竞争和平衡所有废物（污泥，灰渣等）的措施。
在水路运输方面：促进水路运输（河流和商业，水电生产，农业灌溉，洪水防护，工业发电站冷却，水上运动...），这些场地和周围环境布局的基本点，改善环境性能，对人力资本的社会投资，以及以河为轴线加强跨欧洲运输和旅游贸易的主要优先项目的实施，连接莱茵河和多瑙河和塞纳斯凯尔特河渠道。
“Physalia”是一个致力于科研创新领域的工具！
这是新一代的“清洁”船，向人们宣传生态并推广环保排放硫和碳零的工具！
水生昆虫的气腔净化河流和水道！
Physalia号船舶，100％的能源自给自足，它的仿生结构来源于pneumatophoros，也叫“Physalia physalis”。希腊语的意思是「水泡」，但通常指称「葡萄牙战舰」别名僧帽水母(Physalia physalis)。 pneumatophoros水上项目的特色就在于其完美的对称性，它的长椭圆形和半透明的外观。 这是一个自然和生物技术的集合，旨在对欧洲以外主要河流（伏尔加河和多瑙河之间，莱茵河和瓜达尔基维尔之间，甚至幼发拉底河和底格里斯河之间）。 由于这个诗意的邀请包括旅行、感官经验、跨学科研究、地缘政治的辩论、流行的教学方法，因此需要一个生态先锋的前卫的水的主题出现！ 它是个有魅力的，抽象的风景，通过创新的集会空间向世界开放多元的欧洲文化。同时它对生态系统的环境、地球上的生活片断、动物和植物的生物多样性做出反应，让它们在城市里找到庇护所！
这个零碳排放的建筑是环保可再生能源的一个原型，这意味着它能产生大于其消耗的能源！ 因此，它的屋顶精密的充气双层膜上而装了光滑的光伏太阳能电池，而在其船体，潮汐涡轮机将河水流动的势能转化为电能并能实现软导航。 它的表面由铝包裹着多壳钢结构。银色的表层为锐钛型二氧化钛，它能反射紫外线，减少水的污染。 事实上，Physalia除了是一个船舶自净器，还能吸收和回收的光催化化学残留物以及传统船只和工业在河水中排放的碳。 此外，该项目是双船体液压系统，可以净化河水同时绿化船顶植被。
当自动浇灌系统于“深蓝时分”工作时，建筑在充满魅力的氛围中消失。 事实上，该项目变成了一个渐逝的雾云的轮廓。形成一个散发着芬芳的空间，似乎想要将旅客从悬浮的内部缠绕起来。这艘未来风格船的设计师把握了悬挑和质量之间的完美平衡，使它从水面轻轻浮起。 曲线完善而充满力度，他们显示了项目高雅、创新和时尚的一面。
四个主题花园图景
Physalia内部用四个主题表达水的未来的不用含义，它们代表着四元素的共生。四元素发挥他们各自特点，互补并最后在这个两栖世界里整合起来：
“水”之花园：标志着Physalia停泊大门和广场之间的主入口。大型玻璃平台悬在水面上，光通过反射传到内部下层。接待区可用于临时展览，像是在光反射失重状态下跳舞。真正水上阳台还可以完全开放自己的河流景观，通过外部河流的微风让内部拥有呼吸。
“土”之花园：分析水生生态系统的国际实验室的心脏部位。整个房间上面绿色的植物直立生长着。我们可以想象肥沃的土地过滤雨水，并自然绘制了一个环绕在工作站和分子分析空间中央的景观吊顶。
“火”之花园：保证水下休闲展览的封闭空间。柔软的休闲扶椅围绕着防火船身里一个巨大的烤火处。我们觉得好像在一个半水生的座舱里精致的金色反光。我们从火焰周围栽种物下方伸展出来的柔滑的圆形坡道自然地进入这个花园。我们可以欣赏它的正弦螺旋浮线，甚至通过这两个全景玻璃舷窗欣赏中央的动物和植物区。它是一个水生生态系统的长期展览的空间。
“气”之花园：氧气和光线分布在pneumatophorous的眼睛下方的空间。其实，这个生态的圆形剧场开辟了通往外部景观和城市。并由椭圆形的耳朵状充气和光电缓冲器下方的尖端组成。在中心，我们找到挤压的圆形形状的“水”的构成和戏剧舞台般的旋转水吧。这里是完美的会议和讨论地点，一个真正的公民论坛。我们在这里会面，重塑世界，决定明天的生态政治战略！
人是仿生设计的中心，该方案主张人类活动和自然之间的平衡和尊重。这个流动的建筑，浓缩了自然的力量。生物技术、信息和通信技术，简单的反映了当代希望对环境问题采取行动的公民的要求。 这样一个前卫大胆的设计的目的是加强人们对水的尊重的观念。共享水运和动太平衡。 哥本哈根首脑会议以后，这个方案成为一个领航者和生态恢复的革新象征！
PHYSALIA, AN AMPHIBIOUS GARDEN CLEANING EUROPEAN WATERWAYS
WATER, A COMMON GOOD FOR THE PLANET!
More than one billion of people do not have any access to drinking water. Three thousands of people die everyday from having consumed polluted water. The water is thus not a good. It should belong to everybody. Many non governmental organisations as well as the PNUD (Programme of the United Nations for the Development) fight for the idea that water is a “common good”. It must be highly considered and be part of a different management that is not commercial, connecting public and private organisms not only in national and regional frameworks but also on the worldwide scale inside UN or a new specialised “ad hoc” institution.
Even by taking into account the increase of the worldwide population (9.2 billion within 2050 according to UN), the quantity of soft water accessible on surface represents 40 000 km3 per year. As the world consumes nowadays only 5500 km3 of water (from which 70% for agriculture, 20% for industry and 10% for the domestic consumption), it meets widely the needs of the planetary societies. Contrary to prejudices, the quantity of water does not count. What is important, is the ability of the societies to build the access to drinking water unequally spread on Earth, especially between the North and the South. Actually, only nine countries share together 60% of the annual worldwide flow!
The appeal made during the World Forum of Water in Istanbul at the beginning of March 2009 has to be understood in this framework: “The resources dedicated to water are minuscule compared to the spending invested in the fight against the gas emissions with greenhouse effects or the financial crisis (…). The water should be in the heart of the policies of agriculture, energy, health, infrastructures, education (…). The managers of water are convinced of that, but they do not take the decisions. The heads of state and government have to seize with it” (Olcay Ünver, coordinator of the final report of the Forum of Istanbul).
AN AQUATIC PNEUMATOPHORE PURIFYING THE RIVERS AND WATERWAYS !
Physalia is a vessel, 100% self sufficient in energy, whose bionic structure is inspired from the pneumatophorous called also “Physalia physalis”, from Greek physalis that means “water bubble”! As this aquatic pneumatophorous, the project is relevant by its perfect symmetry, its oblong shape and its translucent aspect. It is a sum-up of the nature and the biotechnologies dedicated to navigate on the main extra-European rivers between Danube and Volga, between Rhine and Guadalquivir, or also between Euphrate and Tiger. It is a poetic invitation to travel, a sensory experience for the transdisciplinary research, geopolitical debates, popular pedagogy and therefore for the emergence of an ecologic avant-garde on the water theme. It is a charismatic place, an abstraction of landscape opened on the world and mixing the European cultures through an innovative special assembling. It is a ecosystem reacting to its environment, a fragment of living earth, inviting the fauna and the flora of the fluvial biodiversity to come and make its nest in the city!
Its architecture with carbon zero emission is eco-designed from renewable energies to make it as a prototype with positive energy, that means producing more energy than it consumes! Thus, its roof contains a double pneumatic membrane chiselled with smooth photovoltaic solar cells whereas under its hull the hydro-turbines transform the energy of the fluvial stream in hydro-electricity and enable to adjust the soft navigation. Its surface is made of aluminium covering the multi-hull steel structure. This silver-plated dress is covered by a TiO2 layer of anatase shape that by reacting to the ultraviolet rays enables to reduce the water pollution. Actually, in addition to being a self cleaning vessel, it enables to absorb and recycle by photo-catalytic effect, the chemical and carboned waste from the fluvial water rejected by the traditional boats and by industrialists. Moreover, the project is crossed in its double hull by a hydraulic network that enables to filter the fluvial water and to purify it biologically thanks to its planted roof.
When the system of automatic irrigation works in “blue hours”, the architecture disappears in favour of an atmosphere. Actually, the project metamorphoses into a fog cloud with evanescent contour. The Physalia becomes therefore a perfumed evaporation space that seems to coil up the visitors in suspension inside. The architecture of the futurist ship reveals a perfect balance between the cantilever masses, placing it in light levitation on the water surface. The curved lines are refined and nerve. They show with elegance the innovative and stylish side of this place.
A SCENOGRAPHY DECLINED INTO FOUR THEMATIC GARDENS.
The interior scenography of Physalia animates the debate on the water future into four thematic gardens dedicated respectively to every four elements bringing by symbiosis their typical aspect and complementarily to the final assembling of an amphibious global landscape.
-The “Water” garden: marks the main entrance of Physalia between the berthing gates and the square. A great glass platform is in suspension on top of the water surface reflecting thus on the interior vault the causticity of the floods. This reception space dedicated to the temporary exhibitions vibrates under the weightlessness and dances under the reflections of light. The façades of this true aquatic balcony can also open themselves totally on the fluvial landscape and let the space breathe towards the exterior caressed by the fluvial breeze.
-The “Earth” garden: constitutes the heart of the laboratory dedicated to international researchers who analyse the aquatic ecosystem crossed by the ship. On top of this panoramic room, a planted vault stands up. This vault is a fertile metaphor of earth filtering the stations of work and molecular analysis.
-The “Fire” garden: is a confined and protecting underwater lounge, truly out of time. The soft relaxation armchairs surround a huge fire timbale burning in the fireproofed hull of the vessel. We feel like in a subaquatic cockpit with delicate golden reflections. We access naturally to this garden from a soft and circular banister that spreads under the planted vault around flames. We can admire the floating line dancing under its sinusoidal volutes as well as the fauna and the flora of the middle through the two panoramic glass portholes. It is a space dedicated to the permanent exhibitions on the aquatic ecosystems.
-The “Air” garden: is a space of oxygen and light that spreads under a pneumatophorous lens. Actually, this ecologic amphitheatre opened towards the exterior landscape, towards the cities organised with chisels under an oblong ear of pneumatic and photovoltaic cushions. In the centre, we find “H2O” acronym extruded under the shape of a circular and rotating water bar such as a theatre stage. It is the meeting and debate point by excellence, a true citizen forum where we meet to reinvent the world and decide of the eco-political strategies of tomorrow!
Man is in the centre of this bionic project that recommends the balance between the human actions and the respect of environment. The architecture of this nomadic place, powerful concentrate of nature, of biotechnologies and information and communication technologies is thus the simple reflect of the contemporary citizen who wonders about the actions to conduct on its environment. It is an audacious avant-garde project that aims at mixing people around the notion of water respect, sharing in movement and dynamic balance. After the Copenhagen conference, it is a project of transeuropean leadership and a positive innovation of ecologic resilience.
