赖兴瑙城堡遗址改造 / [tp3] architekten

尊重历史语境下的当代介入：本项目最精髓之处在于其对历史遗存的深刻理解与克制的当代介入。建筑师没有试图“复原”历史，而是以一种清晰、诚实且可逆的方式，增添了 21 世纪的材质与形式语言。新的结构元素被巧妙地植入或“生长”于古老的城墙之间，这种手法既尊重了近七百年来的历史演变层次，又避免了不同时代之间的相互竞争，实现了历史的连续性与当代的清晰界定，这正是高水平文物建筑修复的典范。

结构延续与空间体验的再生：设计通过关键的结构性干预，成功地激活了原本处于危险边缘的建筑空间。特别是在东南翼，利用混凝土环加固外墙的同时，赋予了其未来舞台屋顶的支撑功能，这不仅是纯粹的结构补强，更是对中世纪空间体验（屋顶的暗示）的当代复现。对于主楼的结构加固与墙体重建，借鉴了如罗马斗兽场等国际经典案例的修缮策略，确保了高危遗迹的安全性和功能的可持续性。

功能性提升与无障碍渗透：在严格遵循文物保护原则的前提下，项目实现了显著的社会功能提升。增设了现代化、无障碍的卫生设施，极大地改善了城堡作为文化活动和旅游场所的可达性和用户体验。这种对当代公共服务需求的精确响应，与对古老肌理的精细保护形成了有机的结合，使得历史遗址在面向未来公众开放时，具备了现代化的运营基础和人文关怀。

From the architects. The year 1932 was meant to be the final end for Reichenau Castle. After all, the castle had already survived numerous attacks, wars, and many historical events. Letting it decay would have sealed the castle's history. But perhaps at the last moment, the situation changed…
来自建筑师。1932 年本应是赖兴瑙城堡的最终终结之时。毕竟，这座城堡历经无数次袭击、战争以及诸多历史事件。任其衰败本将封存城堡的历史。但大概就在最后一刻，局势发生了转变……

The chronicle of Reichenau Castle began in the 14th century. There were wars, fires, and changes in castle owners and rulers.
赖兴瑙城堡的编年史始于 14 世纪。这里有过战争、火灾，城堡主人和统治者也几经更迭。

Site plan
平面图

At the turn of the millennium, little remained of these legends. The castle roof had collapsed, most of the walls were dilapidated, frost had eroded parts of the masonry, and the wind had blown away much of the stonework. After the last keeper left, the castle was left to its own devices. Time was running out, otherwise this piece of history would completely disappear. In 2004, our firm was commissioned to implement and coordinate previously determined restoration measures and to initiate a gradual renewal process that continues to this day.
在千禧年之交，这些传奇故事所遗留的已所剩无几。城堡的屋顶坍塌了，大部分城墙年久失修，霜冻侵蚀了部分墙体，大风也卷走了许多砖石。自从最后一位守堡人离开后，城堡便任其自生自灭。时间紧迫，否则这段历史过往将彻底消散。2004 年，我们的事务所受委托，负责实施并协调此前已确定的修复措施，并启动一个逐步的更新进程，这一进程一直延续至今。

Now to the architecture. We carefully carried out the first necessary repairs without leaving destructive traces on the old masonry. For nearly 700 years, the architectural history of Reichenau Castle has been constantly changing. Our revival and renovation work adds another puzzle piece. However, the newly added elements deliberately adopt the material and formal language of the 21st century.
现在说说建筑方面。我们小心翼翼地开展了首批急需的修缮工作，没有在古老的砌体上留下破坏性的痕迹。近 700 年来，赖兴瑙城堡的建筑历史一直在不断变化。我们的复兴与改造工作又增添了一块新的拼图。然而，新添加的元素刻意采用了 21 世纪的材质与形式语言。

We did not want the 100-year historical gap to negate the continuity of history, nor did we want different eras to compete with each other. The new building structures connect to the existing building – some of them even reversibly. However, the idea behind it is: "The new things should grow out of the old walls!"
我们不想让近 100 年的历史断层否定历史的延续，也不想让不同时代相互竞争。新的建筑结构与现有建筑相连 —— 其中一些甚至是可逆的。不过，其背后的理念是：“应该让新事物从古老的城墙中生长出来！”

Elevation
立面图

After several construction phases, there was a significant qualitative improvement in the castle's dramatic and cultural events, as well as its tourism use. Modern and accessible toilet facilities for disabled people were built. The outer wall of the southeast wing, which was on the verge of collapse, was reinforced with a concrete ring.
经过几个阶段的建设，城堡的戏剧与文化活动以及旅游利用方面都有了显著的质量提升。新建了现代化且方便残障人士使用的厕所设施。东南翼濒临倒塌的外墙用一圈混凝土环进行了加固。

In addition to providing structural support, this concrete ring can also serve as a support for a future temporary stage roof. There was a roof here in the Middle Ages, so people can experience the original sense of space again. The ruins of the main building were in such poor condition that the area had to be closed off. We structurally reinforced it and rebuilt the wall enclosures – a practice also used in the restoration of many old freestanding masonry structures, such as the Colosseum in Rome.
除了起到结构支撑作用外，这圈混凝土环还可作为未来临时舞台屋顶的支撑。中世纪时这里就有屋顶，如此一来，人们便能再次体验到最初的空间感。主楼的遗迹状况极差，以至于该区域不得不封闭起来。我们对其进行了结构加固，并重建了墙体封闭部分 —— 这种做法在许多古老独立砌体的修缮中都有应用，比如罗马的斗兽场。