英国国家美术馆塞恩斯伯里翼楼改造 / Selldorf Architects

对历史文脉的尊重与当代功能的提升：本项目最精髓之处在于，Selldorf Architects 在提升英国国家美术馆塞恩斯伯里翼楼（Sainsbury Wing）功能性和可达性的同时，对罗伯特·文丘里和丹尼斯·斯科特·布朗1991年的后现代主义设计保持了深刻的尊重。设计师巧妙地利用光线和空间序列，在不破坏原有复杂元素（如大阶梯）的基础上，拓宽了视野，优化了流线，并增加了60%的公共空间。通过引入天然石材（如佛罗伦萨石灰岩）和透明玻璃，新设计在材质和光影上呼应了历史语境，实现了在保护文脉中的“必要改造”，使200年历史的美术馆能够从容应对当代数百万访客的需求。

以人为本的无缝导览与公共空间重塑：该改造项目的核心目标之一是解决入口标识性不足和访客动线不佳的问题。通过在特拉法加广场一侧创建无台阶的街道层入口，并设计新的“广场中的广场”，极大地增强了美术馆作为公共机构的亲和力。门厅的更新使安全和导视系统“力求不显眼”，将访客的注意力引导向艺术本身。新增的双层挑高空间和清晰流畅的流线，为游客创造了更明亮、更宜人的“压缩与释放”体验，使初次到访者感到亲切，常访者获得新视角，从而真正实现了馆长所言：“若有任何人觉得英国国家美术馆与自己格格不入，那我们都将错失珍贵体验。”

材料的精妙运用与可持续的尺度感：从建筑设计的角度看，材料的选择体现了对场地精神的深刻理解。新空间大量使用天然石材，如与文丘里原设计相同的灰色佛罗伦萨石灰岩，以及沙梅松石灰岩和橡木，不仅提升了空间的质感和耐用性，也确保了新旧部分的材质连续性。此外，项目在可持续性方面也表现出色，尽可能地重新利用和回收了现有材料。景观设计上，VOGT公司通过“做减法”的手法，创造了开放的、可停留的室外公共广场，有力地连接了建筑与特拉法加广场，使整个改造不仅是内部功能的升级，更是城市界面激活的典范。

“If anyone feels that the National Gallery is not for them, we are all missing out on a precious experience. Selldorf Architects’ thoughtful design makes the gallery entrance brighter and more welcoming, and more prominent as a public space. We hope that many visitors will step inside for the first time, and we also look forward to welcoming returning visitors to start a different kind of visit here, seeing our collection from a new perspective.” – Sir Gabriele Finaldi, Director of the National Gallery. The new main entrance to the National Gallery will officially open to the public on May 10. This entrance, designed by New York-based architecture firm Selldorf Architects, led by Annabelle Selldorf, in close collaboration with Purcell Architects, aims to mark the National Gallery’s 200th anniversary. The new entrance will help the gallery welcome millions of annual visitors, a number that has grown significantly since the Sainsbury Wing was first planned. The renovated Sainsbury Wing will improve accessibility for everyone while optimizing the public space of Trafalgar Square. Security measures in the Sainsbury Wing will strive to be inconspicuous, while the wayfinding system will be designed to be more intuitive and user-friendly. The project also includes a spacious café, restaurant, and bookstore.

“若有任何人觉得英国国家美术馆与自己格格不入，那我们都将错失珍贵体验。Selldorf 建筑事务所的贴心设计，让美术馆入口更加明亮宜人，作为公共空间也更为显眼。我们希望众多游客能首次踏入馆内，也期待曾到访过的游客能在此开启一段别样的参观之旅，以全新的视角欣赏我们的藏品。”—— 英国国家美术馆馆长加布里埃尔·费纳尔迪爵士（Sir Gabriele Finaldi）。英国国家美术馆的新主入口将于 5 月 10 日正式向公众开放。该入口由安纳贝尔·塞尔多夫（Annabelle Selldorf）领衔的纽约建筑事务所 Selldorf Architects 与 Purcell 建筑师事务所紧密合作设计，旨在纪念英国国家美术馆成立 200周年。新入口将助力美术馆迎接数以百万计的年度访客，这一数字相较于塞恩斯伯里翼楼最初规划时已大幅增长。改造后的塞恩斯伯里翼楼将提升所有人的通行便利性，同时优化特拉法加广场的公共空间。塞恩斯伯里翼楼的安全措施将力求不显眼，而导视系统则将设计得更加直观易用。该项目还涵盖一个宽敞的咖啡馆、餐厅和书店。

Ground Floor Plan

一层平面图

The aim throughout the project has been to dramatically improve visitor flow both inside and out, building on the rich and complex elements that Robert Venturi and Denise Scott Brown designed for the Sainsbury Wing in 1991. As Annabelle Selldorf states: “Our aim was simply to meet the core need of the project – as the main entrance to the National Gallery, welcoming millions more visitors than in 1991. To do this, we opened up sightlines, optimized queuing and security flows, and let more light into and flood the space. As we advanced the project, we always maintained respect for Venturi’s original design. With the establishment of a new passage to Trafalgar Square, people will be more willing to come and linger, and they will find their way around the building more easily.” A level access street-level entrance opens easily for all visitors from the new public square on the southwest corner of the 1930s National Gallery building, facing Trafalgar Square. Stepping inside, the refreshed, light-filled foyer provides 60% more open public space than before.

整个项目自始至终的目标都是，在保留罗伯特·文丘里（Robert Venturi）和丹尼斯· 斯科特·布朗于1991年为塞恩斯伯里翼楼设计的丰富而复杂元素的基础上，大幅改善建筑内外的访客流动情况。正如 Annabelle Selldorf 所述：“我们的目标仅仅是满足项目核心需求 —— 即作为英国国家美术馆的主入口，迎接比 1991 年多出数百万的访客。为此，我们拓宽了视野范围，优化了排队与安检流程，并让更多光线透入和洒满整个空间。我们在推进项目时，始终秉持着对文丘里最初设计的尊重。随着与特拉法加广场新通道的建立，人们将更愿意前来并驻足停留，也能在建筑内更轻松地找到方向。”无台阶的街道层入口从面向特拉法加广场、位于原 19 世纪 30 年代英国国家美术馆建筑西南角的新公共广场处，为所有访客轻松敞开。步入馆内，焕然一新、沐浴在日光下的门厅为访客提供了比以往多 60% 的开放公共空间。

Stepping inside, the new double-height spaces on the east and west sides allow the foyer to continue the spatial experience of ‘compression’ and ‘release’ in the complex postmodern architecture of the Sainsbury Wing, while also highlighting the grand staircase designed by Robert Venturi and Denise Scott Brown. The bookstore, restaurant, and bar added to the ground floor now form a true mezzanine space, more closely linked to the arrival sequence on the lower level. The side-lit staircase now has its dark glazing replaced with transparent glass, allowing daylight to penetrate the foyer and offering glimpses of the refinements of the 1930s National Gallery building designed by William Wilkins.

踏入馆内，东西两侧新增的双层挑高空间，让门厅延续了塞恩斯伯里翼楼复杂后现代建筑中那种“压缩”与“释放”的空间感，同时也彰显了通往由罗伯特·文丘里（Robert Venturi）和丹尼斯· 斯科特·布朗设计的大阶梯。一楼新增了书店、餐厅和酒吧，如今成为了一个真正的夹层空间，与底层抵达序列的衔接更为紧密。侧边采光的楼梯原有的深色玻璃已被透明玻璃取代，日光得以穿透门厅，同时让人隐约窥见 William Wilkins 于 19 世纪 30 年代设计的英国国家美术馆建筑的精妙之处。

Section A

剖面图

The renovated foyer space is clear, restrained in style, and significantly improved in circulation, with better lighting and newly integrated, seamless mechanical services. Alasdair Travers, Design Partner at Purcell Architects, states: “From a conservation perspective, this project aims to make necessary changes while retaining the original essence. Therefore, it was important for us that the Sainsbury Wing remains recognisably itself while making it easier for visitors to navigate. The key to achieving this more welcoming experience is to highlight bold postmodern elements, like the grand staircase, making them clearer and more legible than before.” The new spaces employ natural materials throughout, including the same grey *pietra serena* (Florence stone) found in the Venturi and Scott Brown designed galleries, alongside Chameau sandstone from northern Burgundy, slate, oak, and black granite. Where possible, existing materials have been reused, recycled, or relocated to other building projects.

改造后的门厅空间清晰、风格内敛，通行流畅度大幅提升，照明效果更佳，且配备了全新无缝衔接的机械服务设施。Purcell 建筑师事务所的设计合伙人 Alasdair Travers 表示：“从保护建筑的角度来看，这个项目旨在在保留原有精髓的同时进行必要的改造。因此，对我们而言，重要的是塞恩斯伯里翼楼在让访客更易导航的同时，仍能保持其原有风貌。实现这种更受欢迎的体验感的关键在于彰显大胆的后现代风格元素，如宏伟的楼梯，使其比以往更加清晰易辨。”新空间通篇采用天然材质，包括与文丘里、斯科特·布朗设计的展厅中相同的灰色佛罗伦萨石灰岩（pietra serena），以及来自勃艮第北部的沙梅松石灰岩、板岩、橡木和黑色花岗岩。在条件允许的情况下，现有材料均被重新利用、回收或转用于其他建筑项目。

The new Sainsbury Wing entrance plaza, designed by VOGT Landscape, is made of New Yorkstone and features Portland limestone concrete benches where visitors can gather, wait for friends, or simply sit and watch the comings and goings of Trafalgar Square and the National Gallery. Martijn Slob, Head of VOGT Landscape’s London studio, explains their design philosophy: “Sometimes landscape design is about subtraction rather than addition, and the new Sainsbury Wing entrance plaza is a prime example of this. By removing a rarely used courtyard, we have created a new public space that provides a grand entrance for the National Gallery, improving its connection to Trafalgar Square, and offering a social place for people to meet, play, or relax.” In addition to the new public square, the renovated entrance and foyer, Selldorf Architects’ NG200 project also includes the Supporters’ House, due to open later this year, an undercroft link between the Sainsbury Wing and the existing main building, and the newly refurbished Research Centre, which will reopen in due course. These projects, completed in partnership with Purcell Architects, constitute the second phase of the project.

由 VOGT 景观设计公司打造的新型约克石（New Yorkstone）材质的塞恩斯伯里翼楼入口广场，设有波特兰石灰岩混凝土长椅，访客可在此相聚、等候友人，或仅是静坐观赏特拉法加广场及英国国家美术馆内外的人来人往。VOGT 景观设计公司伦敦工作室负责人 Martijn Slob 阐释了他们的设计理念：“有时，景观设计在于做减法，而非加法，塞恩斯伯里翼楼的新入口广场便是如此。通过移除一处鲜少使用的庭院，我们打造了一处新的公共空间，它为英国国家美术馆提供了一个宽敞的入口，改善了其与特拉法加广场的关联，还提供了一个供人们相聚、游玩或放松的社交场所。”除新公共广场、改造后的入口及门厅外，Selldorf 建筑事务所的 NG200 项目改造还包括将于今年晚些时候开放的赞助者之家（Supporters' House），以及塞恩斯伯里翼楼与现有主楼之间的地下直通通道，和日后将重新开放的焕然一新的研究中心。这些与普赛尔建筑师事务所合作完成的项目，构成了该项目的第二阶段。