佐治街 - 园林吧

佐治街
Georgia Street

比率：实现未来宜居城市的关键是重新考虑街道作为一个综合系统，不仅提供更人性化的出行选择，而且提供有益的生态服务，公开表达城市活力。佐治亚街成功地创造了这样一个地方。它将步行优先空间、经过仔细考虑的城市绿化和漂亮的基础设施编织在一起，形成了印第安纳波利斯引人注目的新户外目的地和活动场所。
RATIO: Essential to realizing the livable cities of our future is a reconsideration of streets as integrated systems that not only provide more humane options for mobility but also provide beneficial ecological services and openly express the vitality of a city. Georgia Street succeeds in creating such a place. It weaves together a pedestrian priority space, carefully considered urban forestation and handsome infrastructure to shape a compelling new outdoor destination and events venue for Indianapolis.

Georgia Street

Background

从20世纪80年代初开始，印第安纳波利斯在复兴市中心方面迈出了重大步伐。在早期成功的基础上，如纪念碑广场的翻修，进行了重大投资，包括广场中心购物中心、印第安纳会议中心的扩建、相关酒店以及印第安纳步行者队的新场地（现在称为银行家生活场地）。这为布热宁娱乐区带来了新的活力，该区已经在利用该区的历史资产。佐治亚街位于历史悠久的批发区的中心，是连接新主要场馆的脊梁，当时被确定为未来改善的重要走廊。然而，直到2009年，当城市领导人认识到街道为申办2012年超级碗提供的独特潜力时，它才看到实现这一目标的动力。通过将乔治亚街最初的希望与绿色、以行人为中心的户外活动场所的新愿望结合在一起，这座城市获得了一个现代公共空间，作为会议和娱乐区的锚定。同时，乔治亚街是一个引人注目的日常场所，可以举行即兴、亲密的聚会，也是一个现代户外活动场所，旨在成为2012年超级碗村等庆祝活动的核心，被誉为近代史上最好的超级碗活动之一。
Beginning in the early 1980s, Indianapolis took major strides to revive its downtown. Building from earlier successes, like the renovation of Monument Circle, major investments were made including Circle Centre Mall, additions to the Indiana Convention Center, associated hotels and a new venue for the Indiana Pacers now known as Bankers’ Life Fieldhouse. This brought new energy to a bourgeoning entertainment quarter that was already taking advantage of the historic assets in the district. Georgia Street, located at the heart of the historic Wholesale District and a spine that connected the new major venues, was identified at the time as an important corridor for future improvement. However, it would not see the impetus for its realization until 2009, when City leaders recognized the unique potential the street offered to their bid for hosting the 2012 Super Bowl. By bringing together the original hopes for Georgia Street with new aspirations of a green, pedestrian-centered, outdoor event venue, the city gained a contemporary public space that anchors the convention and entertainment district. Simultaneously, Georgia Street is a compelling, everyday venue for impromptu, intimate gatherings and a modern outdoor event venue designed to be at the core of celebrations like the 2012 Super Bowl Village, acclaimed as one of the best Super Bowl events in recent history.

Challenges

除了与在近两个世纪历史的城市环境中工作相关的预期问题外，还有其他一些问题特别具有挑战性：
•印第安纳波利斯最初的Beaux Arts计划在整个城市的英里广场核心建立了90英尺的通行权。这使得佐治亚街与市中心的许多街道一样，道路通行能力过剩，城市规模缺乏亲和力。
•历史批发区的设计指南禁止使用行道树，进一步加剧了不适宜居住的步行环境。
•由于乔治亚街位于历史街区的中心位置，交通量低，乔治亚街已成为该地区许多企业事实上的配送和服务街。
•Circle Centre Mall是许多人通往市中心的门户，佐治亚街已经成为并需要继续成为通往配套停车场的主要路线。
社区继续解决其老化的合流下水道系统，但当时，刚刚开始对绿色基础设施的可能性感到满意。
•对于步行优先街道，没有州或地方设计或工程指南。
•与会议中心和银行家生活野外别墅密切相关，佐治亚街不仅需要促进场馆之间的行人流动，还需要允许活动移动到街道上，为城市提供独特的活动机会。除了预测街上可能发生的潜在事件外，作为第一次测试，设计还需要适应美国举办的最引人注目的事件之一，即NFL超级碗。
•重要的是，该项目的最终成功将取决于佐治亚街在平衡户外活动需求的同时成为社区引人注目的日常目的地。
确保佐治亚街能够为2012年2月的超级碗开幕日活动做好准备，意味着设计和施工的最后期限很紧，而且要谨慎与城市领导人、个人利益相关者和超级碗主办委员会协调。
设计策略
作为美国可持续场地计划的试点项目，佐治亚街项目的目标和原则得到了该计划宗旨的支持。该设计的理念如本文所述的策略所示，即街道的许多功能不仅应重叠，而且应整合在一起，以确保功能、可持续性、美观性和财政责任不冲突。
Along with the expected concerns associated with doing work in an urban environment nearly two centuries old, there were others that were particularly challenging:
• The original Beaux Arts plan for Indianapolis established 90-foot rights-of-way throughout the Mile Square core of the City. This left Georgia Street, like many of the streets downtown, with an excess of road capacity and an urban scale that lacked intimacy.
• Design guidelines for the historic Wholesale District disallowed street trees, contributing further to the inhospitable pedestrian environment.
• Due to its central location in the historic district and low traffic volume, Georgia Street had become a de facto delivery and service street for many of the businesses in the area.
• Circle Centre Mall is a gateway to downtown for many, and Georgia Street became and needed to continue to be a major route to access the accompanying parking garages.
• The community continues to address its aging combined sewer system but at the time, was only beginning to gain comfort with the possibilities of green infrastructure.
• There existed no state or local design or engineering guidelines for pedestrian priority streets.
• Being closely associated with the Convention Center and Banker’s Life Fieldhouse, Georgia Street would need not only to facilitate pedestrian movement between venues but allow activity to move onto the street, providing an event opportunity unique to the city. In addition to anticipating the potential events that might occur on the street, the design needed to accommodate, as its first test, one of the highest-profile events held in the United States, the NFL Super Bowl.
• Significantly, the ultimate success of the project would hinge on Georgia Street balancing outdoor event needs with becoming a compelling everyday destination for the community.
• Ensuring that Georgia Street would be ready for opening day events of the Super Bowl in February of 2012 meant a tight deadline for design and construction as well as careful coordination with City leaders, individual stakeholders and the Super Bowl Host Committee.
Design Strategies
As a pilot project for the US-based Sustainable Sites Initiative, the goals and principles of the Georgia Street project were bolstered by the tenets of this program. The design was driven by the philosophy, illustrated in the strategies described here, that a street’s many functions should not only overlap but be integrated together, ensuring that function, sustainability, beauty and fiscal responsibility are not at odds.

• ADVOCATING FOR PEDESTRIAN PRIORITY – Humane Mobility

无路缘、行人优先的环境旨在与车辆交通共享空间，同时提供高水平的可达性。综合设计元素为行人和驾车者提供了如何最佳导航的线索，包括在十字路口使用城市的第一个意向交通表。四条行车线和两条专用平行停车线在每个方向减少为一条行车线，限制路边停车。剩余的通行权变成了一个灵活的空间，方便多种非车辆移动模式。
The curb-less, pedestrian-first environment was designed to share space with vehicular traffic while simultaneously offering a high level of accessibility. Integrated design elements provide cues to both pedestrians and motorists as to how to best navigate the place including the use of the city’s first intentional traffic tables at the intersections. Four vehicular travel lanes and two dedicated parallel parking lanes were reduced to one travel lane in each direction with limited on-street parking. The remaining right-of-way became a flexible space that facilitates multiple modes of non-vehicular movement.

• PROVIDING SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE – Enhanced Public Space

减少对汽车的重视，可以包括一个从23英尺宽到30英尺宽的中央分隔带。强化的公共空间由可持续采伐的ipe木板路定义，提供方便行人的设施，包括特殊照明和标志、咖啡馆、可调节的遮阳帘、零售亭、历史标记和旨在展示胡塞尔历史的公共艺术。接触网系统类似于曾经在佐治亚街行驶的手推车的供电系统，经过改造，可将主光源悬挂在木板路上，提供特定活动的主题照明，提供季节性加热，并支持可伸缩的太阳能遮阳帘。由于街道还必须作为一个灵活的活动场所发挥作用，因此需要基础设施的组成部分来支持特殊活动供应商和参展商，并将其纳入接触网系统。每个灯杆的顶部包括两到三个可容纳特殊事件照明的双工器。悬链线柱及其基座上的覆环经过特殊设计，用于保持电气和数据连接，以便连接音乐会、信息亭和展览。
Reducing the emphasis on automobiles allowed for the inclusion of a central median that ranges from 23 feet wide to 30 feet wide. The enhanced public space, defined by a boardwalk of sustainably harvested ipe, provides pedestrian-friendly amenities including special lighting and signage, cafes, adjustable solar shades, retail kiosks, historic markers and public art aimed at showcasing Hoosier history. Catenary systems, similar to those that were the power supply for trolleys that once traveled Georgia Street, were adapted to hang the primary light source over the boardwalk, provide for event-specific themed lighting, provide seasonal heating and support retractable solar shades. Because the street must also function as a flexible event venue, integral components of the infrastructure needed to support special event vendors and exhibitors, which was incorporated into the catenary system. The top of each pole includes two-to-three duplexes that can accommodate special events lighting. Catenary columns and the shrouds over their bases were specially designed to hold electrical and data connections that allow hookups for concerts, kiosks and exhibitions.

• DESIGNING FOR THE INVISIBLE – Integrating Ecological Services

整个走廊融入了细节，有意为街道创造机会，为城市生态做出积极贡献。在一个微妙但意义重大的举动中，街道的顶部被翻转，将雨水转移到中央木板路，这是一个创新管理系统的可渗透覆盖物，该系统将雨水从城市的超负荷组合下水道中转移出去。当木板路收集雨水时，其下方的前池槽填满地下灌溉水池，并允许溢流流入渗透室。该试验室采用可再充砂滤层建造，该滤层位于原生砂质底土的顶部，在再充注地下水蓄水层之前提供最终抛光。预计该系统将在10年降雨期间减少佐治亚街50%以上的径流，在100年暴雨期间减少40%。
Details were incorporated throughout the corridor to intentionally create opportunities for the street to contribute positively to the urban ecology. In a subtle but significant move, the crown of the street was reversed to move rainwater to the central boardwalk, which serves as a permeable cover for an innovative management system that redirects rainwater away from the city’s overburdened combined sewers. As the boardwalk captures rainwater, forebay troughs below it fill underground irrigation cisterns and allow overflow to runoff into an infiltration chamber. The chamber was constructed with a rechargeable sand filter layer that resides on top of the native sandy sub-soils, offering a final polishing prior to recharging the ground water aquifer. It’s anticipated that the system will reduce Georgia Street’s runoff by more than 50 percent during a 10-year rain event and 40 percent during a 100-year storm.

树木是健康城市生态的重要组成部分，找到一种将它们融入佐治亚街的方法至关重要。在中央隔离带内创建位置合理的树木，这是一个解决方案，有助于在满足历史保护社区的同时，促进现有城市基础设施内的布局。为了确保树木不会同时老化，并促进林下种植的建立，种植了大型卡尺树和标准尺寸的树木。本地植物协会被特意选为植物区系的自然家族，提供了实现更大的地方感的美学效益，以及印第安纳州中部几个世纪特定进化的环境效益。
Trees are such a vital part of a healthy urban ecology, and it was essential that a way was found to incorporate them into Georgia Street. Creating bosques of judiciously sited trees within the median was a solution that served to facilitate placement within existing urban infrastructure while satisfying the historic preservation community. Large caliper trees were planted along with those of a more standard size in order to ensure that the trees did not all come of age simultaneously and to facilitate the establishment of understory plantings. Native plant associations were purposely selected to work as a natural family of flora, offering the aesthetic benefit of realizing a greater sense of place and the environmental benefit of centuries of evolution specific to central Indiana.

Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
Landscape Architecture / Urban Design: RATIO
Design Year: 2010
Year of Construction: 2012
Area: 50,000 sq ft / 4645 sq m
Client: City of Indianapolis
Image Credits: RATIO; Susan Fleck; Jason Lavengood