帕克·基尔斯伯格

帕克·基尔斯伯格
Park Killesberg

雷纳·施密特：帕克·基勒斯堡的历史起源于该遗址作为采石场的工业用途。这种砂岩被称为“斯图加特-沃克斯坦”（斯图加特-阿什拉尔），长期以来被密集开采，留下了锯齿状的人工地貌，就像是景观中的一个开放伤口。科钦霍夫的所谓“红墙”仍然是这一旧用途的象征。它明亮的红色砂岩形成了一条可见的边缘。虽然位于一个倾斜的黄金地段，但由于其先前的用途，该土地不适合作为建筑场地。因此，斯图加特市于1939年申请主办德国国家园林展（Reichsgartenschau，National Gardenshou），其愿景是重新开发和整合该地区，并通过重新安排交通和景观，使其成为居民的绿色空间。最初由赫尔曼·马特恩（Hermann Mattern）设计，如今的公园是该地区20世纪30年代唯一保存完好的园艺艺术范例，其复杂的概念强调了景观的基本结构以及不断变化的远景和景观。在《自然保护法》中，纪念碑一词不适用于花园的时候，公园作为居民娱乐场所的重要性在将公园纳入该地区列出的地点的努力中显而易见。
Rainer Schmidt: The history of Park Killesberg has its origins in the industrial use of the site as a quarry. Known as “Stuttgarter Werkstein” (Stuttgart Ashlar), this sandstone was mined intensively for a long time and left a jagged artificial topography much like an open wound in the landscape. The so called “red wall” of Kochenhof still stands as a symbol of this former use. Its brilliant red sandstone forms a visible edge. Though situated in a sloped prime location the land was unsuitable as a building site due to its previous use. Hence, the city of Stuttgart applied for hosting the Reichsgartenschau (National Garden Show) in 1939 with the visionary idea to redevelop and integrate the area and to make it accessible as a green space for the population by means of a rearrangement of traffic and landscape. Originally designed by Hermann Mattern, the park today is the only well-preserved example of the art of horticulture in the 1930s in the area, with a sophisticated concept underlining the basic structure of the landscape and changing vistas and views. Its importance as a place of recreation for the population is evident in the efforts to include the park in the area’s listed sites, at a time when the term of monument was not applied to gardens in the conservation law.

Park Killesberg

自20世纪20年代以来，该地区的规划一直旨在连接Killesberg的各个公园和花园。随着对该棕地场地的拟议重新设计，出现了完成所谓“绿色U”的机会，从施洛斯加滕、贝格别墅公园、罗森斯坦公园、威廉马、莱布弗里奇·加滕、瓦特博格和基列斯博格一直延伸到费尔巴哈海德。虽然每个地区都保持着各自的特色，但它们为游客提供了一个城市园林文化的互联之旅。Killesberg公园的扩建是在旧展览场地被拆除后才得以实现的，直到2012年，旧展览场地才成为南部边缘“绿色U”的屏障。位于斯图加特美术学院附近的旧展览场地将成为一个新社区，重点关注创意产业。一个社区中心、学院的额外空间以及200套公寓、办公室和工作室公寓正在规划中。Killesberg公园扩建项目作为“格林福格”（green joint）项目，是新建区的绿色心脏，延续了该地区悠久的历史，是一个具有当代景观建筑表现力的花园展示场所，也是相互连接的绿色空间的典范。
Since the 1920s, the planning of the area has been aimed at connecting the various parks and gardens of Killesberg. With the proposed redesign of this brownfields site, the opportunity arose to complete the so-called “green U” stretching from Schlossgarten, the park of Villa Berg, Rosenstein Park, Wilhelma, Leibfridscher Garten, Wartberg and Killesberg up to the Feuerbacher Heide. While each area keeps its individual character, they offer visitors a connected tour of the city’s garden culture. The extension of Park Killesberg was only made possible after the demolition of the old exhibition grounds, which until 2012 formed a barrier for the “green U” at the south edge. Situated close to the Stuttgart Academy of Fine Arts, the former exhibition grounds will become a new neighborhood with a strong focus on Creative Industries. A community center, additional space for the Academy, and 200 apartments, offices and studio apartments are planned. As the “Grüne Fuge” (green joint), the Park Killesberg expansion serves as the green heart of the newly constructed district, and continues the long history of the area as a garden show site with a contemporary expression of landscape architecture and as a model for interconnected green spaces.

该设计是与地方当局、公民和邻居合作的结果。总的前提是为公园的扩建创造一个开创性的概念，将生态与经济相结合，并允许新的城市环境，这与地方当局通常追求的方式不同。协作方法需要许多设计备选方案和修订，旨在为利益相关者提供对设计意图的理解，并为后续决策提供令人信服的基础。
The design is the result of a collaborative process with the local authorities, citizens and neighbours. The overall premise was to create a pioneering concept for the extension of the park that combines ecology with economy and allows a new urban environment, different from the usual way pursued by local authorities. The collaborative approach required many design alternatives and revisions, aiming to provide stakeholders with an understanding of the design intent and a convincing basis for subsequent decision-making.

After numerous design studies exploring separate characters for the different parts of the green network, the design evolved to achieve a seamless combination of the individual spaces and a cohesive design language for the entire space, thereby maximising the effectiveness of the complete “green U”.

Two themes that characterise Killesberg are the starting point for the design: a soft, near-natural landscape, and man-made quarries as hard topographies. The hard forms of a typical quarry topography change over time, morphing from sharply broken materials into a softer landscape of green regrowth.

Park Killesberg通过将大量土壤引入以前的采石场和展览场地来解释这一变化过程，通过在道路系统之间创建新的草坪“垫层”地形来模拟消除不规则的漫长自然过程。一个新的景观出现了，它讲述了一个故事。
This process of change has been interpreted at Park Killesberg by bringing vast quantities of soil into the former quarry areas and exhibition grounds, simulating the long natural process of smoothing out irregularities by creating a new topography of lawn ‘cushions’ between path systems. A new landscape arises, and it tells a story.

该设计的基本主题是通过将地形提升到眼睛高度，并在人与人之间建立一个凹陷的路径网络，从而扭曲对人类尺度的感知，并重新解释熟悉的视角。新地形的巧妙幻觉强化了完全沉浸在景观中的感觉，并为公园使用者创造了一种令人惊讶的好玩体验——一种新的感觉。小径的布局灵感来自采石场的不规则性，以及在将公园一分为二的街道两侧爬上坡时所采用的柔和的蜿蜒模式。新的设计主题将费尔巴哈·海德（Feuerbach Heide）和Rote魔杖（科钦霍夫红墙）前的公园与新的公园扩建部分（格吕尼·福格）结合起来。
The underlying theme of the design is based on skewing the perception of human scale and reinterpreting familiar perspectives by raising the topography to eye height and setting up a sunken path network between. The skilful illusion of the new topography intensifies the feeling of being completely absorbed in the landscape and generates a surprisingly playful experience for the park user – a new sensation. The layout of paths is inspired by the quarries’ irregularities, as well as by the gentle winding pattern taken as one climbs the ascent on either side of the street which bisects the park. The new design motif unifies the Feuerbach Heide and the park in front of the Rote Wand (red wall of Kochenhof) with the new park extension (Grüne Fuge).

可持续和生态发展的概念是一个基本主题。新开发项目屋顶的雨水收集在地下蓄水池中，从那里通过管道输送到新的湖泊，并返回水循环。由于其独特的小气候条件，公园的草甸垫是各种动植物的生物区。草地草一年只需要修剪两次，大大降低了日常维护成本。公园Killesberg扩建部分的景观与相邻的住宅区相互连接，住宅区的独立房屋直接向公园开放，并与新区中心形成直接连接。
The concept of sustainable and ecological development is an underlying theme. Rain water from the roofs of the new development is collected in an underground cistern from where it is piped to a new lake and returned to the water cycle. With their individual microclimatic conditions, the park’s meadow cushions are biotopes for various types of flora and fauna. The meadow grasses require mowing only twice a year, considerably reducing ongoing maintenance costs. The landscape of the Park Killesberg extension interconnects with the adjacent residential area, whose detached houses open directly to the park, as well as forming a direct connection to the centre of the new district.

Prof. Rainer Schmidt

Data

效果图：ARGE Zukunft Killesberg
Name of project: Park Killesberg
City/ Country: Stuttgart/ Germany
Client: State Capital City Stuttgart
Landscape Architect: Rainer Schmidt Landschaftsarchitekten GmbH
Landscape Associate Architect: Pfrommer+Roeder Landschaftsarchitekten
Contractor: ARGE Link- Seidenspinner
Planning-Construction time: 2008 – 2013
Site Area: ca.10 ha
Construction Budget Landscape: ca. EUR 7,5 Million gross
Services (HOAI- Germany): Scope of Services 1-8
Principal Designer: Prof. Rainer Schmidt
Photographer: Raffaella Sirtoli, Besco, Stefan Müller
Renderings: ARGE Zukunft Killesberg

Awards:
European Garden Award, 1.Prize, Category “Innovative Contemporary Concept or Design of a Park or Garden”, 2014
RTF-Award, 1.Prize, Category Landscape Design ‘Built’, 2014
WAN Landscape Award 2015, 1.Prize, 2015