千禧公园 - 园林吧

千禧公园
Millenary Park

乌吉拉尼/新方向景观设计师：千禧公园是一个占地8.6英亩的公园，位于布达商业和住宅区的中心附近。在2001年重新开发之前，该场地是一个废弃且受污染的工厂综合体，机械和电气部件都是在这里制造的。随着这座城市在它周围的慢慢发展，修复它的必要性变得越来越明显。千年公园已成为布达佩斯现代户外公共空间的典范。上个世纪，由于布达佩斯历史上的政治动荡，很少有新的公园在布达佩斯建成，而公园仍然是由有明确道路的正式花园组成。
Ujirany / New Directions Landscape Architects: Millenary Park is an 8.6-acre park situated near the heart of the commercial and residential district of Buda. Prior to its redevelopment in 2001, the site was an abandoned and contaminated factory complex where mechanical and electrical parts were manufactured. As the city slowly grew around it, the need for its restoration became clear. Millenary Park has become a model for modern, outdoor public space in Budapest. Very few new public parks were built in Budapest in the last century due to the country’s historical political unrest and the parks that remain consist of formal gardens with defined pathways.

Millenary Park

Design Program and Intent

景观设计师设计的中心主题是“人类创造”。公园本身是根据创作的时间过程设计的——分为两部分。第一个代表“动机”，第二个代表“互动”。在动机部分，你会发现自己被正常的城市和自然环境所包围，但形式完全不同。所有公园元素，如草地长凳、葡萄、苹果树、麦田和湖中的树木，都旨在引人注目地吸引游客，激发他们以不同的方式关注和观察周围环境。玻璃走廊在概念上是公园的关键要素。从内部来看，我们将环境视为一个我们完全没有接触过的展示对象。这是一种互动的呼吁：我们有责任参与塑造我们的未来和环境，这是我们自己的民主权利。离开激励部分，你就到达了互动空间，创造力的游乐场。在这里，你可以找到移动形式的环境元素——盒子中的可移动公园元素——并被邀请创建自己的实际环境。所有的公园元素都旨在激励游客以一种不同的、舒适的方式与周围环境互动，而不是通常的、更正式的公园行为方式。使用的可能性在于访客的手中，他能够根据自己的需要塑造空间。
The central theme used in the landscape architects’ design was ‘human creation’. The park itself is designed upon the temporal process of creation – divided into two parts. The first stands for ‘motivation’ and the second for ‘interaction’. In the motivational part you find yourself surrounded by normal urban and natural environment, but in a totally unusual form. All park elements, such as the grass benches, the grapes, the apple trees, the wheat field and the trees in the lake, aim to act strikingly upon the visitors to inspire them to take notice of and look at their surroundings in a different way. The glass corridor is conceptually the key element of the park. From within we see our environment as an exhibited object that we have absolutely no contact with. It is a call for interaction: our responsibility to take part in shaping our future and our environment, which is our own democratic right to do so. Leaving the motivational part you reach the interactive space, the playground of creativity. Here you can find environmental elements in mobile form – movable park elements in boxes -, and are invited to create your own actual surrounding. All of the park elements aim to motivate the visitors to interact with their surrounding in a different, cozier way opposed to the usual, more formal way of behaving in a park. The possibility of use lies in the hand of the visitor where he is able to mould the space to conform to his needs.

公园设计的总体目标是建立一个使用灵活的地方，允许游客为自己创建一个项目。千禧公园的即兴性是布达佩斯公共空间的一种新方式，公园内室内和室外空间的融合加强了这种即兴性。修复后的厂房似乎延伸到公园空间，室外音乐厅和音乐馆模糊了室内外活动的界限。
The overall goal of the Park’s design was to establish a place that was flexible in its use and allowed visitors to create a program for themselves. The improvisational nature of Millenary Park is a fresh approach to public spaces in Budapest and is reinforced by the blending of indoor and outdoor spaces in the park. The rehabilitated factory buildings seem to extend out into the park space and the outdoor concert hall and music pavilion blur the line between indoor and outdoor activities.

Project decription

从中央交通枢纽往西走一小段路就可以到达千禧公园。从石灰岩表面冒出的木兰树和几何灌木在接待楼入口处迎接来访者。一个0.5英亩的中央池塘为公园内的主要空间创造了一个视觉定位点。树木似乎是从水下长出来的，在水面上生长，成为生命和能量的庄严象征。池塘上的钢桥连接着主要的空间。池塘水面上有一座音乐亭。展馆的形式创造了其下方池塘不规则边缘的垂直延伸。千禧公园的西南角被一系列相交的山丘线分割成许多私密的空间，这些山丘线似乎从表面上起伏起来。沿着山的轮廓线是一个葡萄园和一片麦田，这唤起了周围地区历史上的土地利用。一条玻璃走廊斜穿过整个空间。巨大的拉布拉多岩石阶被推到沿着破碎石灰岩小路的山丘中。
Millenary Park is approached from the west by a short walk from a central transit hub. Magnolia trees and geometric shrubs emerging from the limestone surface greet the visitor at the entrance of the reception building. A central, 0.5-acre pond creates a visual anchor point for the main spaces within the park. Trees seem to grow from beneath the water, emerging above the surface as majestic symbols of life and energy. Steel bridges over the pond connect the main spaces. A music pavilion lingers over the pond’s surface. The pavilion’s form creates a vertical extension of the irregularly-formed edge of the pond below it. The southwest corner of Millenary Park is divided into a number of intimate spaces by a series of intersecting hill lines which seem to ripple up from the surface. Following the contours of the hills are a vineyard and a wheat field which evoke the historic land uses of the surrounding area. A glass corridor cuts diagonally through the entire space. Large labradorite stone benches are pushed into the hills that line the crushed limestone pathways.

千禧公园的北段是非正式和灵活的。空间内有一系列交叉的草地长凳和corten钢墙板。在这个绿色区域旁边是一个广场，工厂使用的一些原始铁路线仍在那里。现在，铁轨可以作为定制的植树人行走的轨道。南面与广场接壤的是池塘中230英尺长的瀑布。水从2英尺高的石墙流到石头和砾石层上，将游客吸引到石墙边缘。
The northern section of Millenary Park is informal and flexible. A series of intersecting grass benches with corten steel siding sit within the space. Next to this green area is a plaza where some of the original rail lines used by the factory still lie. The rails now serve as tracks along which custom-made tree planters can run. Bordering the plaza to the south is the pond’s 230-foot-long waterfall. Water flows over the 2-foot stone wall onto a stone and gravel bed, drawing visitors to its edge.

Environmental Impacts

千年公园满足了布达佩斯这一地区的若干环境需求。公园现在所在的原工厂场地土壤和地下水污染严重。安装了排水系统以清除地下污染。雨水和受污染的地下水一起被收集在排水管中。然后将这些水从系统中排出，并将清洁水引入地下水系统。整个过程花了六个月的时间才完全清除毒素。
Millenary Park met several environmental needs in this area of Budapest. The former factory site on which the park now sits had highly contaminated soil and groundwater. A drainage system was installed to remove the underground pollution. Rainwater was collected in drainage pipes along with the contaminated groundwater. This water was then removed from the system and clean water was introduced into the groundwater system. The process took six months to completely remove the toxins.

Data

照片：CÉH有限公司、阿提拉·格拉泽、厄吉拉尼、安德里亚·海德尔、杰诺斯·森蒂瓦尼、佩特尔·哈帕克
Location: Budapest, Hungary
Design: Ujirany / New Directions Landscape Architects
Authors: Árpád Kovács, Gábor Lendvai, Johanna Muszbek, Péter Pozsár, Dominika Tihanyi, Krisztina Wallner
Architects: CÉH Ltd.
Design year: 2000
Year of construction: 2001
Award: Europa Nostra
Area: 34 800 m2
Photos: CÉH Ltd., Attila Glázer, Újirány, Andrea Haider, János Szentiváni, Péter Hapák