路易森基尔霍夫三世公墓

路易森基尔霍夫三世公墓
Luisenkirchhof III Cemetery

Editor's note

非常小，但同时精确，合适和有效的干预使这个墓地翻新成为一个有趣的项目。每项新增功能都有意义，并有助于体验。“还原”和“添加”之间的区别是可读的。此外，微妙的传承方式和安静的激进主义之间的对比让人想起迈克尔·范·格塞尔（Michael van Gessel）的作品和他在特维克庄园（Twickel estate）的作品。relais已明确证明，他们可以在精致的环境中出色优雅地工作。
Very minimal but at the same time precise, fitting and effective interventions make this cemetery renovation an interesting project. Each added feature makes sense and contributes to the experience. The distinction between the ‘restored’ and ‘added’ is readable. Also the contrast between subtle approach to heritage and quiet radicalism remind of the works by Michael van Gessel and his work at Twickel estate. relais has definitely proven that they can operate in delicate ambiences with excellence and grace.

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景观设计中无处不在的时间性主题，对历史公墓的处理方式有很大的影响。尽管它们对历史、老龄化和记忆的保存具有重大意义和影响，但墓地的功能也必须基于当前的坟墓文化和维护能力。relais景观设计师在柏林夏洛滕堡Luisenkirchhof III公墓为卡佩伦堡（Kapellenberg）设计的项目深深地嵌入了这一生长与衰退之间的张力领域，从昨天到今天。根据奥托·沃格勒的计划，这座公墓建于1905年，位于所谓的斯潘多尔堡的东坡，分几个阶段建成，作为一座纪念性公墓，以林荫大道为主要元素。在他的设计中，Vogeler特别强调了通往墓地礼拜堂的步行，他创造了一系列装饰性的广场，旁边排列着花坛。20世纪后半叶，这种布局及其墓地结构的精心区分基本上被遗忘。
The theme of temporality, which is omnipresent in landscape architecture, has a great influence with regard to the way historic cemeteries are dealt with. As great as their significance and effect has been on history, ageing and the preservation of memory, a cemetery’s functionality must also be based on current sepulchral culture and maintenance capacities. relais Landscape Architects’ project for the Kapellenberg at the Luisenkirchhof III cemetery in Berlin-Charlottenburg is very much embedded in this field of tension between growth and decay, yesterday and today. The cemetery, which was built in 1905 on the eastern slopes of the so-called Spandauer Berg according to the plans of Otto Vogeler, was built in several stages as a monumental cemetery using tree-lined avenues as a main element. In his design, Vogeler particularly emphasised the walk up to the cemetery’s chapel by creating a series of ornamental squares lined with flowerbeds. This type of layout, with its careful differentiation of cemetery structure, was largely forgotten in the second half of the 20th century.

墓地的重新设计于2013年至2015年分两个阶段进行。relais景观设计师关于Kapellenberg的目标是使Luisenkirchhof的原始设计意图和组织结构更加有形，该建筑现在是一个上市场地。这其中的一个重要方面是协调主要大道的交通功能与墓地的历史保护、树木栽培和美学要求之间的冲突。
The redesign of the cemetery was constructed between 2013 and 2015 in two phases. The aim of relais Landscape Architects with regard to the Kapellenberg was to make the original design intention and organisational structure of the Luisenkirchhof, which is now a listed site, more tangible. An essential aspect of this was to reconcile the conflict between the main avenue’s transport functions and the cemetery’s historic preservation, arboricultural and aesthetic requirements.

Luisenkirchhof III Cemetery

新的概念恢复了卡佩伦堡历史序列丢失的轮廓。大道沿线缺失的树木被新的植物所补充，大道被分级，并用小型天然石头铺设，以便为机动车辆提供可达性。入口区域以及Rondellplatz和Kapellenplatz广场按照原始墓地概念进行了改进和发展，以营造更具吸引力的氛围。
The new concept restored the lost contours of the historical sequence at the Kapellenberg. Missing trees along the avenues were complemented with new plantings and the avenue was graded and paved with small-format natural stones in order to provide accessibility for motorised vehicles. The entrance area and the Rondellplatz and Kapellenplatz squares were improved and developed along the lines of the original cemetery concept in order to recreate a more inviting atmosphere.

由于墓地的现有信息来源及其现状，采取这些措施不是为了重建墓地的旧状态，而是为了重新解释可验证的设计主题和种植设计，同时使新的设计层可识别。通过使用不同的装饰性树篱和多年生植物，这些想法在所有三个区域都得到了实施，从而加强了道路的设计一致性。这使得墓地的主体结构、空间质量和各种陈设得以重新发现和强调。Rondellplatz中心增加了一个带有小喷泉的游泳池，为邻近街道的交通噪音提供了一个舒适的声学替代方案。此外，在Kapellenplatz附近修建了一口井，并将施工过程中发现的原始铺路石纳入最终设计。
Due to existing sources of information about the cemetery, as well as its present condition, these measures were not undertaken in order to reconstruct a former state of the cemetery, but instead to provide a reinterpretation of verifiable design themes and planting designs while making the new layer of design recognisable. These ideas were implemented in all three areas through the use of differentiated ornamental hedges and perennials that reinforce the design coherence of the avenues. This allowed the main structure of the cemetery, it’s spatial quality and various furnishings to be rediscovered and emphasised. A pool with a small fountain was added to the centre of the Rondellplatz, which provides a pleasant acoustic alternative to traffic noises from the adjacent streets. In addition, a well was built near the Kapellenplatz and original paving stones found during the construction process were integrated into the final design.

Data

Landscape Architecture: relais Landschaftsarchitekten
Project: Luisenkirchhof III Cemetery
Location: Berlin-Charlottenburg
Client: Luisenkirchhof parish administration
Completion: September 2015
Area: 3,800 m²
Photos: Hanns Joosten, Stefan Müller