国家军事博物馆，苏斯特伯格

国家军事博物馆，苏斯特伯格
National Military Museum, Soesterberg

H+N+S:Soesterberg空军基地，以前不允许公众进入，于2015年作为新的国家军事博物馆开放。博物馆建筑本身和周围的自然景观无缝地融合在一起，创造出一个方便、信息丰富、具有反思性的空间，让公众可以更多地了解荷兰军队的历史。
H+N+S: The Soesterberg Airbase, previously closed to public access, was opened in 2015 as the new, National Military Museum. The museum building itself, and the surrounding natural landscape, seamlessly merge into one another to create an accessible, informative and reflective space where the public can learn more about the history of the Dutch armed forces.

National Military Museum, Soesterberg

国家军事博物馆（NMM）是通过合并前陆军博物馆和军事航空博物馆而创建的。该计划由Heijmans财团创建并实现，通过所谓的DBFMO合同（设计、建造、融资、维护和运营）签订合同。这意味着，除了项目的设计和实现外，承包商（Heijmans）还负责在未来25年内维护场地和博物馆。
The National Military Museum (NMM) was created through the merging of the former Army Museum and the Military Aviation Museum. The plan has been created and realised by the Heijmans Consortium, contracted through a so-called DBFMO contract (Design, Build, Finance, Maintain and Operate). This means that in addition to the design and realisation of the project, the contractor (Heijmans) is also responsible for the maintenance of the grounds and museum for the next 25 years.

苏斯特伯格博物馆区是荷兰军事史上的一个重要历史位置，在二战和冷战期间是荷兰的航空基地。由H+N+S设计的景观规划将这一独特历史的各个方面融入到周围的自然景观中。这涉及到在遗址的文化、历史和生态价值以及项目的娱乐和教育方面进行复杂的平衡。
The Soesterberg museum quarter represents an important historical location in Dutch military history, as the Dutch aviation base in WW2 and during the Cold War. The landscape plan designed by H+N+S integrates aspects of this unique history in the surrounding natural landscape. This involved a complex balancing act between the cultural, historical and ecological values of the site, and the recreational and education aspects of the project.

一个重要的考虑因素是建造一座新的博物馆大楼，该大楼将能够有效和美观地讲述荷兰军事历史的故事，并展示大量的文物收藏。设计了一座100 x 250米的大型坚固建筑，与前空军基地的巨大规模和开放性相匹配，因此自然适合景观环境。
An important consideration was the creation of a new museum building that would be able to effectively and aesthetically tell the story of Dutch military history, and also display a large collection of artefacts. A large and sturdy building of 100 x 250m was designed, which matched the vast scale and openness of the former air base and, therefore, naturally fitted in the context of the landscape.

博物馆与旧跑道对齐，正好位于四个古老的T2机库所在地。大型跑道、全景和开阔的景观占据了博物馆建筑的一侧。另一边是茂密的森林，散布着掩体、庇护所和视线。因此，博物馆在景观中的位置体现了荷兰军事历史的空中和陆地方面。
The museum is aligned with the old runway and stands exactly on the site of four ancient T2 hangars. The large-scale runways, the panoramic view, and the openness of the landscape dominate one side of the museum building. The other side is characterised by dense forest, with a scattering of bunkers, shelters and sightlines. The position of the museum within the landscape, therefore, gives expression to the air and land aspects of Dutch military history.

博物馆建筑的侧面都是透明的，因此周围的景观可以作为展出收藏品的背景。参观博物馆的游客在大楼外继续体验，他们穿过一片布满军事遗迹和炸弹坑和旧掩体等地点的景观。这些特征大部分保留在景观中，很少需要添加。
The sides of the museum building are all transparent, so that the surrounding landscape can serve as a backdrop for the exhibited collection pieces. The experience of the museum visitor continues outside the building, as they walk through a landscape littered with military relics and sites such as bomb craters and old bunkers. These features were left mostly in situ in the landscape, with very few additions necessary.

当他们走过周围的风景时，游客们已经体验到了荷兰军事历史的方方面面。游客可以看到古老的德国司令部掩体，炸弹坑让游客想起德国占领和二战结束时盟军的轰炸。陨石坑除了具有美学和教育价值外，还具有实用功能。它们还作为集水点，因此，创造了一个特殊的微生态环境。
As they walk through the surrounding landscape, visitors are already experiencing aspects of Dutch military history. Old German command bunkers are visible to visitors, and bomb craters remind visitors of the German occupation and the Allied bombing at the end of the WW2. The craters, in addition to their aesthetic and educational value, have a practical function. They also serve as water collection points and therefore, create a special micro-ecological environment.

Throughout the grounds, there are also a number of monuments and memorials. These monuments play an important role in the annual ceremonies of the Royal Air Force. H+N+S also included a Zen Garden and a Parade Square in the design plan, both for remembrance and for ceremonial use.

Data

Landscape Architect: H+N+S
Architect: Felix Claus Dick van Wageningen Architecten
Exhibition architects: Kossmann.deJong
Contractor: Heijmans PPP
Ecological consultancy: Buiting Advies
Facts

维护费用：70.000.000欧元（维护和运行25年）
Project name: National Military Museum
Year: 2011-2015
Location: Soesterberg / Utrecht / The Netherlands
Surface: 45 ha
Cost: 90.000.000 euro (design + construction)
Client: Government buildings Agency and Ministry of defence
Construction company: Heijmans
Maintenance costs: 70.000.000 euro (maintenance and operate for a period of 25 years)