缺口与天然桥梁

缺口与天然桥梁
The Gap and Natural Bridge

华盛顿州公园和野生动物部：国家公园设计的关键制约因素是多方面的，具有许多看不见的复杂性。在这些环境中，景观建筑的反应贯穿于现场，由经验驱动，通常由社会政治野心控制，包括为旅游业提供“抽卡”设施。在奥尔巴尼Torndirrup国家公园的Gap and Natural Bridge，重建项目旨在创造一种壮观而有益的游客体验，同时应对游客风险、增加游客容量和改善其通道的需求、克服面临的施工环境和解决高度腐蚀性的沿海环境。
Department of Parks and Wildlife WA: The critical constraints of design in national parks are multifaceted with many unseen complexities. Landscape architectural responses in these settings are transfixed with site, driven by the experiential and often governed by socio-political ambitions including the provision of ‘drawcard’ facilities for tourism. At The Gap and Natural Bridge in Torndirrup National Park, Albany, the redevelopment sought to create a spectacular and rewarding visitor experience whilst responding to visitor risk, a need to increase visitor capacity and improve their access, overcome a confronting construction environment and address a highly corrosive coastal setting.

作为奥尔巴尼地区的一个重要旅游景点，以前3米宽的平台和狭窄的道路无法满足每年24万人次的游客需求。这使得外行在一个经常以波涛汹涌的海洋、大风、浪花、滑滑的片麻岩和花岗闪长岩为特征的地点寻求完美的视角和更高的体验。发生了几起严重伤亡事件。该项目旨在平衡风险与回报，并意识到基础设施增加带来的消毒效果，该项目构思了一个嫁接到现场的通道网络，最终形成两个安全的悬臂结构。在这个缺口处，游客可以在悬崖上方37米处体验太空遭遇。谈判一个外来结构的存在和一个崇高的景观之间的紧张关系是至关重要的。为了成功，这些结构需要同时体现微妙性和信心。他们的目的是进行干预，但只是对整个现场的游客、老人、流动人员、残疾人和感兴趣的家庭进行深思熟虑的精心管理。
A key tourism attraction for the Albany area, the sites previous 3m wide platforms and narrow paths failed to cater for 240,000 visits each year. This left the uninitiated endangering themselves seeking the perfect viewing angle and a heightened experience amid a site often characterised by rough oceans, high winds, sea spray and slippery gneiss and granodiorite rock subject to fall and collapse. Several serious injuries and deaths have occurred. Designed to balance risk with reward and conscious of sanitisation resulting from increased infrastructure, the project conceived a network of pathways grafted to site culminating in two secure cantilevered structures. At The Gap this enables visitors to experience an encounter in space beyond the precipice standing 37 metres above the crashing ocean below. Negotiating the tension between the presence of an alien structure and a sublime landscape is paramount. The structures need to embody both subtlety and confidence in order to succeed. They aim to intervene but to exude only thoughtful and careful curation of the tourists, elderly, ambulant, disabled and interested families across the site.

The Gap and Natural Bridge

为了在不规则和崎岖不平的特性中增加通道，需要一个响应灵敏的建筑形式，其中细节在完工地板以上和下方同样重要。考虑到与现场的接口范围从双联2205不锈钢岩石锚到突出岩石形状和特征的槽口。可施工性是设计和项目规划的核心，对于在施工后立即获得“旅游产品”至关重要。植被的恢复、储存和繁殖、临时施工便道的铺设和巨石的重新利用保护了岩石表面并重建了植被群落。优先使用现有受干扰区域，拆除旧基础设施并修复现场。在景观设计团队、工程团队、口译团队和当地行业之间建立教学关系至关重要。双方的专业利益转化为对网站和简报的高度考虑的回应。自2016年4月重新开放以来，已有超过140000名当地人、州际和国际游客到访，引发了社会媒体的自发回应。由于丰富了国家公园的经验，该网站再次受到游客的欢迎，并得到了当地企业的推广。
Augmenting access across the irregular and rugged nature of the features required a responsive built form where detail was as critical above finished floor level as it was below. Considered interfaces with the site ranged from duplex 2205 stainless steel rock anchors to rebates highlighting rock form and character. Constructability was central to design and project planning essential to have a ‘tourism ready product’ immediately after construction. Retrieval, storage and propagation of vegetation, placement of a temporary construction access track and repurposing boulders preserved the rock surface and re-established vegetation communities. Existing disturbed areas were used in preference and old infrastructure removed and site rehabilitated. Establishing a pedagogical relationship between the landscape architecture team, the engineering team, the interpretation team and local trades was essential. Mutual professional benefit translated into a highly considered response to site and brief. More than 140,000 locals, interstate and international tourists have visited since reopening in April 2016 feeding an unsolicited social media response. The site has again been embraced by those visiting and promoted by local businesses for its enrichment of the national park experience.

Data

预算：510万澳元（建筑）
Principal Landscape Architecture and Architectural Design, Sign Design, Construction Supervision: Department of Parks and Wildlife WA
Client and Internal Project Management: Department of Parks and Wildlife WA
Structural, Civil and Geotechnical Engineering. Construction Management: GHD Pty LtdConstruction, BGC Construction
Contract Management: Building Management and Works WA (Department of Finance)
Location: Torndirrup National Park, Albany, Western Australia
Design Year: 2013 / 2014
Year of Construction: 2015 / 2016
Area: 3600m²
Budget: $5.1million AUD (construction)