弗洛伊兹福克公园

弗洛伊兹福克公园
The Parklands of Floyds Fork

旁白：弗洛伊兹福克公园占地20英里，占地4000英亩，是路易斯维尔公园系统的世界级系统。公园包括四个主要公园：贝克利溪公园、教皇利克公园、土耳其跑步公园和布罗德跑步公园。这四个公园由公园大道、一流的城市小道系统和一条著名的水上小道连接在一起，所有这些都是典型的肯塔基州小溪弗洛伊兹岔道。这一公共/私人项目在该地区是独一无二的，与目前全国正在开发的项目不同。
WRT: The Parklands of Floyds Fork is a 20–mile, 4,000-acre, systemic world-class addition to the Louisville Park System. The Parklands includes four major parks—Beckley Creek Park, Pope Lick Park, Turkey Run Park, and Broad Run Park. These four parks are linked by a park drive, a first-rate urban trail system, and a remarkable water trail, all tracing Floyds Fork, a classic Kentucky stream. This public/private project is unique in the region and unlike anything currently in development across the country.

Regional Green Infrastructure: the Olmsted Legacy

公园绿地植根于路易斯维尔的百年遗产——路易斯维尔公园系统，该系统由弗雷德里克·劳·奥尔姆斯特德（Frederick Law Olmsted）于19世纪90年代设计。奥姆斯特德在市中心以外的土地上建立了一系列公园和公园道。20世纪，随着城市在这些公园周围的发展，它们成为奥姆斯特德“将自然带入社区”愿景的典范。100多年后，公园作为绿色基础设施框架发挥作用，积极利用开放空间，在路易斯维尔东部不断扩大的人口区域范围内塑造未来发展。非营利组织21世纪公园（21th Century Parks）已经购买了近4000英亩的土地（通过80笔独立的房地产交易），以创建公园用地，并实施法律保护，确保公众永久进入和使用。
The Parklands is rooted in Louisville’s century-old legacy of open spaces designed by Frederick Law Olmsted in the 1890’s – the Louisville Park System. Olmsted created a series of parks and parkways on lands beyond the center of town. As the city grew around these parks in the twentieth century, they came to exemplify Olmsted’s vision of “bringing nature into the neighborhoods.” Now more than 100 years later, The Parklands functions as a green infrastructural framework to proactively use open space as an agent in shaping future development in Louisville’s eastward expanding population on a regional scale. The non-profit organization, 21st Century Parks, has purchased nearly 4,000 acres of land (through 80 separate real estate transactions) to create The Parklands and applied legal protections that assure public access and use in perpetuity.

The Parklands of Floyds Fork

Public & Private Partnerships

21世纪公园与土地信托基金、未来基金和路易斯维尔地铁公司战略合作，以确保公园的土地安全。公园开发和土地收购的成本总计1.25亿美元，由资本运动支付。私人、公司和基金会捐赠了6000多万美元，其余资金来自公共部门。公园的年度运营由社区捐款和21世纪公园建立和管理的捐赠基金提供资金。
21st Century Parks strategically partnered with the land trust, Future Fund, and Louisville Metro to secure the land for the park. The cost of park development and land acquisitions for The Parklands totaled $125 million, and was paid for by a capital campaign. More than $60 million was donated by private individuals, corporations, and foundations with the rest of the funding coming from the public sector. Annual operations of The Parklands are funded by community contributions and an endowment established and managed by 21st Century Parks.

Design Intent and Development of a “Florknacular”

该景观主要由农田、不可开发的斜坡和潮湿的洼地组成，其规模和未开发状态引人注目。三种策略组织了公园的概念：1）框架塑造了公园的空间环境，包括森林、草地、湿地和水道的保护和恢复；2）连通性部分包括Floyds Fork本身、公园道路、路易斯维尔环路区域多用途小径、桥梁和其他路径，通过沉浸式自然体验提供通道；3）戏剧部分包括以生态和娱乐为重点的发展，为人们提供独特的聚集和娱乐场所。
Developed largely from scratch from a combination of farmland, undevelopable slopes and wet bottomlands, the landscape is notable in its magnitude and undeveloped state. Three strategies organize The Parklands’ concept: 1) – Framework shapes the spatial context of the park, including preservation and restoration of the forest, meadows, wetlands, and watercourses; 2) The connectivity component includes Floyds Fork itself, the park roadways, the Louisville Loop Regional Multi-use Trail, the bridges, and other paths that provide access through an immersive natural experience; 3) The theatrical component includes development with an ecological and recreational focus, providing distinctive places for people to gather and play.

设计团队开发了一种源自现场的正式设计语言——一种Floyds Fork方言——“Florkanacular”。道路、植物和建筑的动态形状反映了水的流动作用。在这蜿蜒的通道系统中，插入了许多小径和聚集空间，以及两个几何对比鲜明的特征，蛋形草坪和大胡同。
The design team developed a formal design language that emanated from the site – a Floyds Fork vernacular – “Florknacular.” The kinetic shapes of the pathways, plantings, and buildings reflect the fluid action of water. Into this sinuous systems of passages are inserted numerous trailheads and gathering spaces, along with two geometrically contrasting features, the Egg Lawn and the Grand Allee.

Materiality Defines Sense of Place

设计和材料反映了肯塔基州蓝草区的传统，创造了一个独特的地方特色，与当地的精神相适应。石灰岩被广泛应用于整个公园的标志性“跳跃桥”和干砌岩石围栏中。这一系列的场地结构是由乌木染色的雪松墙板和黄松内饰构成的，这些墙板让人想起了该地区曾经盛行的烟草仓库的形象。Louisville Loop铺路材料通过在漫滩外部使用沥青和内部使用混凝土来揭示漫滩基准面，在平行于岔道的景观中形成一条令人难忘的白线。超过100种树木、50种灌木、175种多年生/地被植物和90种草被指定构成森林和建筑物之间的中间地带。
The design and materials reflect the heritage of the Kentucky bluegrass region which creates a distinctive local identity tuned to the spirit of the place. Limestone was used extensively throughout the park in the iconic “Leaping bridges” and dry-laid rock fences. The family of site structures was constructed from ebony stained cedar siding with yellow pine interiors that recall the imagery of the once prevalent tobacco barns in the region. The Louisville Loop paving material reveals the floodplain datum by using asphalt outside and concrete inside the floodplain forming a memorable white line in the landscape paralleling the Fork. Over 100 species of trees, 50 species of shrubs, 175 species of perennials /groundcovers and 90 species of grasses were specified to form the middle ground between forest and buildings.

Park Impact and Environmental Benefits

2016年建成，游客人数增至260万，使公园成为全国50大城市公园之一。去年，14000名学生参加了一次户外课堂体验，志愿者投入了11000多个小时的时间，公园里20英里长的弗洛伊兹叉河成为肯塔基州最划桨的河流。迄今为止，公园已种植了7万多棵树，公园已成为联邦濒危动植物的家园。路易斯维尔地铁公司（Louisville Metro）最近发布了公园附近开发区域的规划RFP，说明了公园作为城市塑造发电机可能产生的影响。
Construction was completed in 2016 and visitor attendance rose to 2.6 million making the Parklands one of the top 50 urban parks in the nation. Last year 14,000 students had an outdoor classroom experience, over 11,000 hours of time were invested by volunteers, and the 20-mile stretch of Floyds Fork in the Parklands became the most paddled stream in Kentucky. To date over 70,000 trees have been planted in the park and The Parklands have become home to federally endangered flora and fauna. Louisville Metro has recently issued planning RFP’s for the developing areas adjacent to the Parklands, illustrating the impact that parks can have as city shaping generators.

Data

Project Name: The Parklands of Floyds Fork
Client: 21st Century Parks, Inc.
Landscape Architecture: WRT
Location: Louisville, Kentucky
Design Firm: WRT
Design Year(s): 2006 – 2015
Year of Construction: 2010 – 2016