泽特斯普仁。Schmalkalden老城公共空间设计

泽特斯普仁。Schmalkalden老城公共空间设计
Zeitspu(e)ren. Designing public spaces in the old town of Schmalkalden

[traces of time].

设计灵感来源于中世纪早期施马尔卡尔登市的多层次历史发展，与不同发展时期的美学特征相似。这些具体特征通过一个复杂的系统来表现，该系统由不同的铺路模式和地面干预组成，突出了城市的历史发展。在规划过程中对公共艺术给予了特别关注，以便形成一个连贯的概念，将历史遗迹仲裁到现在。通过当代艺术与过去的互补，一种新的审美品质和对历史特征的认识正在实现。
Inspired by the multi-layered historic development of the city of Schmalkalden, dating back to the early middle ages, the design resembles the aesthetic qualities of different periods of growth. These specific characteristics are represented through a complex system of varying paving patterns and on ground interventions accentuating the city’s historic development. Special attention in the planning process was given to public art in order to develop a coherent concept of arbitrating historic traces into present time. By complementing the past with contemporary art, a new aesthetic quality and increased awareness of historic features is being achieved.

Zeitspu(e)ren. Designing public spaces in the old town of Schmalkalden

[two eras I two materials].

Schmalkalden老城的发展以两大城市发展为特征，这两大城市发展至今都在塑造城市布局。即，前Marktsiedlung（古城，建于约11世纪）和Neuer Markt（新城，约15-16世纪）周围的居民点。老城及其周围环绕教堂的直接环境的特点是有节奏的小巷、街道和广场，其布局似乎没有计划，空间结构丰富。与老城区相比，纽马克周围的城市类型由规则间隔的几何布局确定。
The growth of the old town of Schmalkalden is characterized by two major urbanistic developments, both of which are shaping the layout of the city until today. Namely, the former Marktsiedlung (old town, founded approx. 11th century) and the settlement developed around the Neuer Markt (new city, approx. 15th – 16th century). The old town and its direct surroundings, encircling the church, are characterized by a rhythmic sequence of small alleys, streets and squares, seemingly unplanned in their layout and rich in spatial configurations. In contrast to the old town the urban typology surrounding the Neumarkt is defined by a regularly spaced geometrical layout.

[Altstadt I Neustadt].

该概念旨在为所述的每种历史布局开发一种一致且最低限度的铺路模式。表面的统一纹理定义了两个非常独特的空间实体和特征——古城和新城。Altstadt以其不同的开放空间和有机生长的布局以不规则的模式（野生模式）铺设。对于Neustadt区域，根据相同的论证，使用了更规则的铺设模式（横向粘结、拉伸粘结）。老城的核心区域，即教堂周围的空间，根据其历史背景，被单独设计并具有独特的特征。因此，考古发掘期间出土的历史铺路机（分类鹅卵石）正在现场重新使用。
The concept intends to develop one consistent and minimalistic paving pattern for each of the historic layouts described. The uniform texture of the surfaces is defining two very distinctive spatial entities and characters – the old town and the new city. The Altstadt with its varying open spaces and organically grown layout is accordingly being paved in an irregular pattern (wild pattern). For the area of the Neustadt, following the same argumentation, a much more regular paving pattern (crosswise bond, stretcher bond) is being used. The core area of the old town, namely the spaces surrounding the church, are, in accordance with their historical context, being designed separately and with a distinctive character. Thereby the historic pavers (sorted cobblestone), unearthed during archaeological excavations, are being reused on site.

[Altmarkt I Neumarkt].

历史和现在的市场广场，阿尔特马克特和纽马克特，是特别重要的文化活动中心。天然石材铺路机的框架勾勒出市场活动的空间，并将其与剩余的城市景观明确区分开来。建筑的基础被天然石材铺路机的边缘所强化，包括入口和偏移部分。铺路区域和框架通过表面纹理进行区分，但协调一致的颜色选择允许整体图像连贯。
The historic and present market squares, the Altmarkt and the Neumarkt, are particularly important centres of cultural activities. A framework of natural stone pavers is outlining the spaces for market activities and clearly distinguishes them from the remaining city scape. The buildings’ base is being accentuated with a verge of natural stone pavers which comprises entrances and offsets. The paving areas and the frame are distinguished through the texture of surface, but a concerted selection of colour allows for a coherent overall image.

[memories with a future].

建筑特征一直定义着城市空间、其独特性、氛围和记忆。Schmalkalden市盛产这些遗迹，这些遗迹一直延续到现在。一个完整的艺术概念是集中于历史遗迹，这些遗迹散落在整个城市。
Architectural characteristics have always defined urban spaces, their uniqueness, atmospheres and memories. The city of Schmalkalden is rich in these relicts, which have sustained to present times. An integrated art concept is focusing on historic traces, which have been found scattered throughout the city.

历史悠久的Kunstgräben（水道）是Schmalkalden的特色。这些通道将在选定区域重新绘制和照明。水井的历史位置（如阿尔特马克特的韦尔特，一个以前的水槽）正在通过反射池、水柱等进行强调。在考古和遗产保护期间，一座罕见的埋藏式文化纪念碑，一座可追溯到中世纪晚期（1543年）的骨瓮被发掘和保存。挖掘出的墙体结构已经修复，并覆盖了可接近的钢和玻璃结构，使历史遗址可见，并将其融入城市空间。
The historic Kunstgräben (water channels) are a characteristic of Schmalkalden. These channels are being redrawn and illuminated in selected areas. Historic locations of wells (e.g. Wehlt at the Altmarkt, a former watering trough) are being accentuated using reflecting pools, water columns etc. During archaeological and heritage preservation, a rare buried cultural monument, an ossuary dating back to the High Middle Ages (1543), has been unearthed and preserved. The excavated wall structures have been restored and covered with an accessible steel and glass structure making the historic site visible and integrating it into the urban space.

[Strolling through the night].

彩色立面的真彩色照明是城市的一个特点，强调这一点，以实现城市的代表性形象。通过选择色温（中性白-4000°K，暖白色-3000°K），可以优化色彩再现，并在夜间和夜间实现城市空间的一致氛围。所有灯具都是专为本项目开发的，由符合材料概念的建筑青铜制成。为了进一步区分主照明方案，选定的对象将独立点亮。根据它们的名称、历史重要性和可读性，彩色灯光作为设计的次要元素被用于进一步强调。蓝色灯光象征着城市空间中的水，橙色灯光定义了金属加工的场所。降低的照明强度和较低的照明温度增强了整体照明方案的对比度，并确定了夜间的重要方向。
A true-colour illumination of the colourful facades, a characteristic of the city, is emphasised to achieve a representative image of the city. By having the option of choosing the colour temperature (neutral white – 4000°K, warm white -3000°K) the colour rendition can be optimised and a consistent ambience of the urban space during evening hours and at night can be achieved. All luminaires are being developed specifically for the project and are made of architectural bronze to be in line with the material concept. To further distinguish the primary illumination scheme, selected objects are independently lit up. According to their designation, historic importance and in regards to their readability, coloured light as a subordinated element of design is used to further accentuate. Blue lights symbolise water in the urban space, orange-coloured lights define places of metalworking. The reduced illumination intensity and low illumination temperature are strengthening the contrast to the overall lighting scheme and define important points of orientation at night.

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Zeitspu(e)ren. Designing public spaces in the old town of Schmalkalden
Author: Peter Wich, Landscape Architect, terra.nova landscape architecture, Munich
Client: City of Schmalkalden, Urban Planning Council