延安大道公路改造
Yannan Avenue Highway Adaptation
WallaceLiu：总部位于伦敦的设计工作室WallaceLiu将中国西南部城市重庆的一条20米宽、1公里长的公路重新设想为一条共享的地面“宜居街道”，用公共空间的语言和规模取代了公路的轮廓和整体特征。该遗址代表了一座现代中国城市的典型边缘，随着城市的扩张，该城市的土地利用发生了变化。这条公路位于延南大道，沿途有7大片土地被国有开发商北京大学资源有限公司收购(北大资源), 将成为穿过近20000平方米街道零售和高密度住宅区的路线，并与现有低收入社会住房相邻。对于城市、客户和我们自己来说，该项目提供了一个机会，探讨如何改造中国的基础设施，促进快速增长，以培育新兴的城市文化。
WallaceLiu: London based design studio WallaceLiu have re-imagined a 20 m wide, 1 km long highway in the South Western Chinese city of Chongqing as a shared surface ‘livable street’ by replacing the delineation and monolithic character of the highway with the language and scale of a public space. The site represents the typical periphery of a modern Chinese city that has changed its land use as the city expands. The highway, Yannan Avenue, along which 7 large plots of land were purchased by the state-owned developer PKU Resource (北大资源), will become the route through nearly 20,000 sqm of street retail and high-density residential compounds and adjacent to existing low-income social housing. For the city, the client and ourselves the project provided an opportunity to explore how China’s infrastructure, built to facilitate rapid growth, can be transformed to nurture an emerging urban culture.
WallaceLiu在2014年通过一场比赛赢得了该项目，最初的想法是，街道上的夹点造成的某些安全问题可以用来论证整个公路宽度可以减少到两车道。然而，这引起了当地规划和运输部门的关注，最终，在客户的支持下，我们设法获得了共享路面设计的支持，我们在公路上铺设了路面。我们设想将整个公路改造成一个可步行和好玩的地方，在这里，公路主导的城市景观要素——路缘石、道路标线、交通标志、行人围栏、树篱边界和有限的人行横道——将被一个富有特色和活力的开放式长廊所取代。
WallaceLiu won the project in 2014 through a competition with an initial idea that certain safety issues created by pinch points in the street could be used to argue that the highway width in its entirety could be reduced to two lanes. This however raised concern in the local planning and transport department and eventually, with the support of the client, we managed to secure support for a shared surface design where we paved over the highway instead. We imagined the entire highway to be transformed into a walkable and playful place where the elements of a highway dominated urban landscape – kerbstone, road markings, traffic signage, pedestrian fences, hedge boundaries and limited pedestrian crossings – would be replaced by a characterful and vibrant open promenade.
这一想法的技术解决方案是通过在公路上铺设新的花岗岩表面，用类似材料重新铺设行人区，并引入一种新型路缘石，这种路缘石两侧齐平，从而模糊了公路和路面之间的边界。通过对新街道标高的仔细设计，我们能够保留现有的底基层和排水系统，从而大大降低了新工程的成本。因为我们不能减少车道的宽度，所以我们必须通过设计来调整其规模，以消除其视觉优势。我们通过扩大新的景观元素，如公共长椅和花盆、穿过公园的主要道路和口袋广场的宽度，从根本上改变了沿街行走时整个地方的视觉比例和印象。
The technical resolution of the idea was made through the paving of the highway with a new granite surface, the repaving of pedestrian areas with a similar material and the introduction of a new type of kerbstone that was flush with both sides therefore blurring the boundary between highway and pavement. Through careful design of the new street levels we were able to retain the existing sub-base and drainage therefore significantly reducing the cost of the new work. Because we could not reduce the width of the carriageway we had to engage with its scale through design to remove its visual dominance. We did this by enlarging the new landscape elements such as public benches and planters, the main path through the park and the width of pocket squares to radically alter the visual proportion and impression of the overall place as one walks down the street.
街道的中间部分是变化中最重要的部分，其中一边的现有街道公园采用了全新的道路几何结构，同时保留了现有的成熟树木。在公园南端，一个非正式的、没有围墙的公共游乐场被挖掘出来，为攀爬、滑行和富有想象力的游戏创造墙壁和斜坡。木材原木型座椅位于游乐场附近，鼓励并表达了该游乐场也可以延伸到街道的可能性。公园对面放置了一套大型花盆和座椅，以一致的语言创造了一个镜像的绿色空间，因此将高速公路定位在绿色长廊的中心。为了强调这是一个单一的地方，我们使用了三种常见的花岗岩，通过改变铺层尺寸、饰面、接缝宽度和每种类型的比例来创建四种不同的混合料，从而在铺路纹理中引入细微的差异。为了软化公园种植园或沿街种植园的硬质铺路边缘，我们使用了粘结砾石和松散砾石，以实现轻松的地面覆盖物，供人们坐着和采集。现有的银杏树将成为开放公园的一部分，并与新增加的成熟树木一起提供树荫，以鼓励人们在重庆酷热的夏天使用街道。我们还设计了一系列彩色檐篷，帮助提升周围塔楼的灰色色调，在街道上重要的停车点设置框架并过滤视野。它们由悬挂的有机玻璃面板制成，模仿彩色云彩，覆盖在卵石灰色涂层的钢结构上，在地面上投射出复杂而生动的阴影。其他关键设计元素包括一套场外制造的钢木家具。这种座椅设计成可坐式和可攀爬式甲板的“波浪”，可用于大型或小型聚会，并鼓励儿童在其上玩耍。它们还充当了新的心理信号，让车辆在经过时减速。最小的座位大多聚集在公园周围，以供更安静的个人使用。
The middle section of the street is the most significant part of the change where the existing street park on one side adopted an entire new geometry of paths whilst keeping existing mature trees. An informal and unfenced public playground was created at the southern end of the park by digging into the landscape to create walls and slopes for climbing, sliding and imaginative games. Timber log type seats are located near to the play, encouraging and expressing a possibility that this play can also extend into the street. A set of large planters and seating was placed opposite the park creating a mirrored green space in a consistent language, therefore locating the highway at the centre of a green promenade. To emphasise the idea that this is a single place we used three types of commonly available granite to create four different mixes by altering the coursing dimension, the finish, the joint width and the proportion of each type to introduce subtle differences in the paving texture. To soften the edges of the hard paving where it meets planting in the park or planters along the street, we used both bonded gravels and loose gravels to achieve a relaxed ground cover for sitting and gathering. The existing gingko trees were to be become part of the open park and offer shade alongside newly added mature trees to encourage people to use the street in the extreme hot summer of Chongqing. We also designed a series of coloured canopies to help lift the generally grey tone of surrounding towers, framing and filtering views at significant stopping places in the street. They are made with hanging perspex panels mimicking coloured clouds over a pebble-grey coated steel structure to cast complex and vivid shadows on the ground. Other key design elements include a set of off-site manufactured steel-timber furniture. This seating is designed to form a ‘wave’ of sit-able and climbable decks that can be used for large or small gatherings and that encourage children to play on them. They also act as new psychological signals for traffic to slow down as they pass by. The smallest seats are mostly clustered around the park for calmer individual use.
The project started on site summer 2015 and the whole middle section and part of the northern and southern sections were completed in summer 2017 with the remaining work due for completion at the end of 2018.
Short office name: WallaceLiu
Role of the office in the project: Lead design company
Website: www.wallaceliu.com
Project location: Yannan Avenue, Chongqing, China
Design year: 2014-2018
Year Built: 2015-2018
