丽拉2020：法国艾玛·布兰科的《广场玛玛》
LILA 2020: Square Maïmat by Emma Blanc, France
This project received Special Mention in LILA 2020 Residential category
陪审团认可了拥抱时间创造舒适生活空间的方法。该项目成功地将土壤活化、食品生产、水管理和现场发现的材料回收结合起来。这种简单化、智能化和视觉有趣的景观超出了居住区的预期。
The jury recognized the approach of embracing time to make a comfortable living space. The project successfully combines soil reactivation, food production, water management and recycling of the material found on site. This simplistic, smart and visually interesting landscape reaches beyond what is expected of a residential area.
See all LILA recognitions or visit LILA website
艾玛·布兰科：位于图卢兹附近的法国城市穆雷特（Muret）的广场马伊马特（Square Maïmat）是根据20世纪60年代流行的“大合奏”模式设计的。在2.5公顷的地面上，完全覆盖着柏油路，是地面停车场和永久交通流的区域。像大丝带一样，这些建筑环绕着场地的外部，将场地本身围起来。在建筑群的中心，一个购物中心逐渐被废弃。
Emma Blanc: Square Maïmat, located in Muret – a French city near Toulouse – was designed based on the model of the “Grands Ensembles” favoured in the 1960s. On the 2.5 hectare surface, the ground, completely covered in tarmac, was the domain of surface car parks and permanent traffic flows. Like large ribbons, the buildings were placed around the outside of the site, enclosing it in on itself. At the heart of the complex, a shopping centre had been progressively abandoned.
这种城市模式正处于危机之中；它需要彻底更新，以便开始重新整合Muret北部地区，使其成为一个城市连续性，并延伸到整个城市。Promologis与Muret镇和项目管理团队密切合作，致力于振兴该地区，发起了一个城市更新项目。
This urban model is in crisis; it is in need of radical renewal, in order to initiate the reintegration of the northern district of Muret into an urban continuity, that extends across the whole city. Committed to revitalizing the district, an urban renewal project was initiated by Promologis in close collaboration with the town of Muret and the project management team.
该场地以前专注于自身，完全不透水，现在是开放和多孔的。施工过程包括拆除/重建，以就地安置当地居民。通过环保和经济的方法，场地材料被重新利用，因为保存过去的历史和利用“已经存在”的潜力也是有意义的！
Formerly focused in on itself and totally impermeable, the site is now open and porous. The construction process was consisting of demolition / reconstruction to rehouse the local residents in situ. With an environmental and economical approach, the site materials were reused because it also makes sense to preserve the past history and capitalize on the potential of what is “already there”!
公共广场下方修建的地下停车场提供了所需停车场的一部分。其他停车位分布在场地周边，为行人和其他非车辆交通工具解放了城市街区的中心。考虑了“居住化”这一重要问题，以及更普遍的与地面的关系，并提出了一种空间建筑和景观解决方案：树木繁茂的小岛和公共庭院。
An underground parking constructed beneath the public square provided part of the required car parking. Other parking places were distributed around the site’s periphery, liberating the centre of the city block for pedestrians and other means of non-vehicular transport. The important question of “residentialisation” and more generally the relationship to the ground was considered and lead to a spatial architectural and landscape solution: wooded islets and common courtyards.
底层从房屋中解放出来，形成了一个空间，在公共空间和建筑大厅之间提供了一个接口。这些公共庭院功能齐全，易于使用，提供了一条连接道路，并提供了一个与邻居见面的舒适环境。方形的Maïmat环绕着一大片林地，其中有八座住宅区。南部的一个公共广场容纳了一个露天市场和一排位于共有建筑脚下的商店。该项目积极地改变了社区和居民的生活质量。
The ground floor is freed up from housing and forms a space which provides an interface between the public space and the building’s lobby. Functional and easily appropriated, these public courtyards provide a link, and offer a pleasant environment to encounter one’s neighbours. Square Maïmat is articulated around a large wooded area, within which eight residential blocks are located. A public square to the south accommodates an open air market and a row of shops located at the foot of the shared ownership building. The project positively transformed the neighbourhood and the quality of life for the residents.
在有人居住的地块周围，树木繁茂的小岛提升了新社区的身份，这被视为一个景观公园。一条人行道和自行车道重建了旧中心和穆雷特北部之间的联系。一条新的道路允许交叉，并合理地重新组织当地的交通流，使其流向附近的外部。
Urban intentions
Around the inhabited plots, wooded islets promote the identity of the new neighbourhood, which is perceived as a landscaped public park. A footpath and cycleway reconstitutes the link between the old centre and the north of Muret. A new road allows crossing and rationally reorganizes local traffic flows towards the exterior of the neighbourhood.
Landscape intent
景观工程首先涉及土壤。从60年代起，我们就开始在一米深的地方进行精确的技术工作，努力使土壤恢复肥沃。与专门从事土壤学的工程师合作，我们利用现场和当地生产的材料、农业和有机堆肥和肥料重建了土壤层。
Ground work
The landscape project firstly concerns the soil. Sterile since the 60s, we endeavoured to make the soil fertile again by carrying out precise and technical work to a depth of one meter. In association with engineers specialising in pedology we reconstituted the soil horizons using materials from the site and locally produced, agricultural and organic compost and fertilizer.
Wooded islets
受林业技术的启发，林地被种植在重建的土壤上。它们由一米乘一米的网格上的节俭精华组成，在投资、用水和维护方面都很便宜。为了使所有项目团队相信这些树木元素的优点，从施工过程开始，现场安装了两个100 m2的控制区（土壤+林木幼苗）。树木繁茂的小岛形成茂密的植物；地块脚下的一种“绿色住宅”。它们的管理或维护是长期进行的，森林幼树使用保护系统培育了几年，这些保护系统促进了现场材料的再利用。
Inspired by forestry techniques, the wooded areas are planted on the reconstituted soils. They are composed of frugal essences on a grid of one meter by one meter, and are inexpensive with regards to investment, water and maintenance. In order to convince all the project team of the virtues of these wooded elements, two control zones of 100 m2 (soil + forest seedlings) were installed on site from the start of the construction process. The wooded islets form dense plantings; a sort of “green residentialisation” at the foot of the plots. Their management or maintenance is undertaken over a long period, and the forest saplings are nurtured for some years using protection systems that promote the re-use of materials from the site.
在停车场和地块中心之间的接口处，有大型洼地。这些设施既宽敞（3米宽，0.7米深）又技术性强，可以管理地块的所有水（包括停车场的径流、屋顶的雨水、广场的水…
Water management
At the interface between the parking area and the centre of the plot, large swales are located. These features are both spacious (3m wide and 0.7m deep) and technical, they can manage all the water from the plot (including runoff from the car parks, rainwater from the roof, water from the square …
灌木发芽和成拱形，半攀缘植物，多年生框架，吸盘种
Favouring biodiversity
MORE THAN 5000 TREES AND SHRUBS were planted for the project.
TREE CLUMPS / WOODED ISLETS / INDIVIDUAL SPECIMENS 1st size 15 to 20m – 2nd size 10 to 15m – 3rd size 7 to 10m
SHRUBS Sprouting and arching forms, Semi-climbers, Perennial framework, Suckering species
–从前的购物中心用50X50混凝土板覆盖小庭院。
Reuse and materials
Concrete and wood cladding for the buildings was selected and used for their raw appearance and the ease of maintenance.
The exterior works include the recovery of materials from the site :
– Metal railings, logs and felled trees to fence the planted islets.
– Crushed concrete from demolition used to reconstitute the soil horizons.
– Crushed concrete (0/40) from recycling facilities for outdoor spaces excluding main roads.
– 50X50 concrete slabs from the former shopping centre to surface the small courtyards.
建设年份：2013-2014年（第一阶段）–2018年（第二阶段）
Entrant office name: Emma Blanc Paysage
Website:www.emmablanc.com
Role of the entrant in the project: Landscape architect (Emma Blanc)
Project category: Residential housing
Other designers involved in the design of landscape: ppa architectures
Project location: 11 rue Aimé Césaire 31600 Muret, France
Design year: 2011
Year Built: 2013-2014 (phase 01) – 2018 (phase 02)
MAIMAT SOUTH – phase 01
修复40栋住宅（共有建筑）
Program: Urban renewal
Public square of 5000 m2 on basement parking of 73 boxes
Urban park, surface car parks, small courtyards
Wooded urban islets and tree nursery (5000 trees)
Demolition of 173 housing units and a shopping centre Construction
of 148 housing units, with retail space and premises for associations
on the ground floor.
Rehabilitation of 40 dwellings (shared ownership building)
承包商：ETPM（道路和公用设施）、Mayet（绿地）
Client: Promologis / Zélidom, Le Muretain agglo, Ville de Muret
Surface area: Land parcel: 25 000m2, Landscape scheme: 21 350m2
Cost: 17,1M€
Certification: Habitat and environment BBC – 13%, Effinergie 2005; Nominated Lauréat for Regional Projects 2010: Energy-efficient environmental performance buildings in Midi-Pyrénées
co-financed
by the Region and l’ADEME (Agence de l’Environnement et de la
Maîtrise de l’Energie)
Lanscape: Emma Blanc, Project manager : Emmanuelle Blanc, Landscape architect : Sonia Sifflet
Architects: ppa • architectures (lead architects); Partner : Jean-Manuel Puig, Team : Sylvie Bouet, Clémence Durupt
Engineers: Inafa (work site supervison), Albert et compagnie (sustainable development), Cercée (fluids), Axes ing. (services), Alayrac
(economics), Bernadberoy (structure)
Contractors: ETPM (roads and utilities), Mayet (green spaces)
MAIMAT NORTH – phase 02
Program: Plantations and transplantations, surface parking, small courtyards.
Construction of 44 social housing units in a park (20 social housing,
24 in social rental)
摄影：Philippe Ruault，航空影像（航空摄影和视频）
Client: Promologis / Zélidom, Le Muretain agglo, Ville de Muret
Surface area: Landscape scheme : 7 300m2
Cost: 3,75M€
Completion: 2018
Landscape: Emma Blanc; Project manager : Emmanuelle Blanc, Landscape architects : Laure Verdier, Noël Pinsard
Architects: ppa • architectures (lead architects), Partner : Jean-Manuel Puig, Team : Laure Alberty, Ana Castro
Engineers: MOA (work site supervison), 3J Technologies (structure), Execo (economics), Ceercé (fluids), MN’S Conseils (services)
Contractors: ETPM (roads and utilities), Mayet (green spaces)
Photography: Philippe Ruault, Airimage (aerial photography and video)
