校园的中心
The Heart of the Campus
重塑景观建筑：校园发展的核心是一个新的校园广场空间，它是大学现有校园设施的物理、社会和组织中心，位于英国诺丁汉市郊的克利夫顿。
re-form landscape architecture: The Heart of the Campus development has as its focus a major new campus plaza space forming the physical, social and organisational hub to the university’s existing campus facility at Clifton, located on the outskirts of the city of Nottingham, UK.
在创建新的学生服务和教学设施以及制定以景观为主导的大学校园战略的过程中，该项目的概念同时出现。这一策略确定了需要围绕清晰的路线和空间层次对校园进行彻底的重新配置，这反过来提供了清晰的标识，并改善和建立了建筑物与外部空间之间的牢固关系。“校园中心”项目体现了景观与建筑的共生关系——一个新的广场两侧分别有两座新建筑，分别容纳学生服务和教学设施。它还包括设计一个新的四合院空间，毗邻翻新的图书馆，形成一个小型的室外礼堂和教学空间。
The concept for the project emerged simultaneously during the creation of a new student services and teaching facility and the development of a landscape led campus wide strategy for the university. This strategy identified the need for a radical reconfiguration of the campus around a clear hierarchy of routes and spaces, which in turn provides a clear identity, and improves and establishes a strong relationship between buildings and external space. The ‘Heart of the Campus’ project empitomises this symbiosis between landscape and architecture – a new plaza is flanked by two new buildings, housing student services and teaching facilities respectively. It also includes the design of a new quadrangle space adjacent to the refurbished library which forms a small outdoor auditorium and teaching space.
中央广场是一个三角形空间，由强烈的几何环带连接，与主侧翼展馆的海湾相呼应。作为这种严格几何的陪衬，有几个“花园广场”和树木种植带，其大小在建筑立面确定的模块化尺寸范围内变化。花园广场由凸起的草坪和种植区组成，这些区域内和周围都有座位。花园的布置方式不妨碍空间的自由流动。硬质景观材料包括银灰色骨料混凝土板，形成红色粘土铺路机的间隔，铺设成人字形。这个独特的铺路主题现在扩展到校园的其他区域，以定义主要空间。连接路线使用两种色调的较小单位板铺路机形成，二次空间表面为浅黄色树脂结合骨料。
The central plaza is a triangular space articulated by strong geometric banding that echoes the bays to the main flanking pavilion. Acting as a foil to this strict geometry are several ‘garden squares’ and bands of tree planting which vary in size within the modular dimensions established by the building façade. The garden squares consist of raised lawns and planted areas within and around which are opportunities for seating. The gardens are arranged in such a way as they do not prevent the free flow of movement through the space. The hard landscape materials comprise bands of silver-grey aggregate concrete slabs forming bays of red clay pavers, laid in a herringbone pattern. This distinct paving motif now extends to other areas of the campus in order to define the principal spaces. Connecting routes are formed using two tones of smaller unit slab pavers, and secondary spaces are surfaced in buff coloured, resin bound aggregates.
广场空间现在为克利夫顿校园创造了强烈的到达感。一个所有路线和功能汇聚的地方，以促进社会和学习互动-一个清晰的校园“心”。强烈的视觉美感也建立了一种独特的设计语言，这种语言已经被应用于校园内最近的项目中，从而支撑了一种清晰的地方感。
The plaza space now creates a strong sense of arrival for the Clifton Campus. A place where all routes and functions converge in order to promote social and learning interaction – a clear ‘heart’ to the campus. The strong visual aesthetic has also set up a distinct design language which has been employed on more recent projects across the campus, thus underpinning a clear sense of place.
种植计划是在与大学景观和地面维护团队密切协商下制定的，他们可以在布拉肯赫斯特（城市东部的另一个大学校园）的温室设施种植植物。常绿（Buxus sempervirens）的正式结构中散布着成片的混合多年生植物，全年呈现季节性色彩。植树有两种方式，一种是创建强大的正式街道，另一种是定义穿过广场的轴向路线（为连接路线的层次性提供额外的强调），另一种是在较小的群体中为广场空间本身提供柔和和斑驳的阴影。枫树（Acer platanoides“翡翠皇后”）和桦树（桦树青桦树）被用于形成林荫道，而樱花（李子“Plena”）则被用于花园广场。
The planting scheme was developed in close consultation with the university landscape & grounds maintenance team who can grow plant stock at their glasshouse facility at Brackenhurst (another university campus to the east of the city). A formal structure of evergreen (Buxus sempervirens) is interspersed with swathes of mixed perennials which provide seasonal colour throughout the year. Tree planting is used in two ways – to create strong formal avenues, defining the axial routes across the plaza (providing additional emphasis to the hierarchy of connecting routes), and in smaller groups to provide softening and dappled shade within the plaza space itself. Maples (Acer platanoides ‘Emerald Queen’) and birch (Betula utilis) are used to form the avenues, whereas flowering species such as cherry (Prunus avium ‘Plena’) are used in the garden squares.
在整个方案中，为了降低地表水径流速率，设计了树坑。该空间原本是一个停机坪停车场，其设计目的是在功能性硬景观之间提供平衡，同时满足校园内对更多可用绿地的需求。绿地的净增和大量的新树木减少了现有排水系统的负担。这些树坑的设计目的是通过一个由衰减板条箱、滤膜和专业制造的表土组成的创新系统，将地表水径流重新用于灌溉，从而提供额外的蓄水。这种设计还具有其他优点，例如减少了浇水的持续维护成本，减少了对昂贵的地下衰减大面积的需求。该系统已经运行了两年多，运行良好，所有树木都已成功建立。
Throughout the scheme the tree pits have been designed in order to reduce the rate of surface water runoff. The space, which in its pre-existing condition was a tarmac car park, was designed to provide a balance between a functional hard landscape whilst responding to the need for more usable green space on the campus. The net increase in green space and a significant number of new trees reduces the burden on the existing drainage system. The tree pits were designed to provide additional water storage by re-using surface water runoff for irrigation purposes through an innovative system of attenuation crates, filtration membranes and specialist manufactured topsoil. The design carries other advantages such as reducing on-going maintenance costs of watering and reducing the need for large areas of costly below ground attenuation. Having been in place for over two years the system is working well and all the trees have established successfully.
空间的质量和它给校园带来的效益已经通过无数的建筑环境和可持续发展奖得到认可。学生、学者和访客每天都会使用它，无论是被动使用还是在组织活动时分组使用。它现在被视为社会和学术生活的焦点，因此它确实起到了“校园之心”的作用。
The quality of the space and the benefit that it brings to the campus has been recognized through numerous built environment and sustainability awards. Students, academics and visitors use it on a daily basis – either passively or in groups during organized events. It is now regarded – as it was conceived- as the focus of both social and academic life, and therefore it really does function as ‘the heart of the campus’.
图形：重塑景观建筑
Project name: ‘The Heart of the Campus’, Nottingham Trent University
Location: Clifton Campus, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
Design firm: re-form landscape architecture limited
Architect: Evans Vettori
Design year: 2014
Completed: 2015 – 2016
Area: 0.8 Ha
Budget: £900k
Cast stone benches: Metrolinea by Marshalls plc
Kerbs & paving slabs: Conservation units by Marshalls plc
Concrete block paving: Kellen by Hardscape
Clay block paving: Penter pavers by Wienerberger
Timber & steel benches: bespoke by Bluton
Resin bound aggregate: Addaset by Addagrip
Trees: Hillier Nurseries Limited.
Photo Credits: Simon Vine
Graphics: re-form landscape architecture
