Sopron Castle District Revitalization

索普朗城堡区复兴
Sopron Castle District Revitalization

梭伦城堡区是一条40-60米宽的林荫大道，它形成于沟的外围，沿着环绕着古城历史中心的城墙，在所谓的冰川斜坡上。因此，从城堡墙的方向看，一排房屋，大多是18-19世纪建造的洛可可和路易十六风格的，呈现出交替的建筑高度，通常在狭窄的地方发展。唯一的例外是正面被战争破坏中断，部分城堡墙作为视觉元素显现。外排的房屋由早期，部分中世纪的建筑组成，有更宽的地段，形成天井式房屋，天井式房屋通过通道与城堡区相连。很久以前，在周围立面发展之后，市场功能就出现在这个具有历史意义的领域：它让位于牛市，或在19世纪中叶在其中一些地方开辟了干草市场。在19世纪，城堡区更像是一个毗连的、稍微向外倾斜的区域，而不是一条大道，尽管沿途还有电车线路。
Hetedik Műterem: The Castle District of Sopron is a 40-60 meter wide boulevard, which was formed on the outer skirt of the ditch running along the city walls that encircled the former historical core of the town, on the so called glacis slope. Consequently, from direction of the castle walls the row of houses, mostly of Rococo and Louis XVI style built in the 18th-19th century, appears with alternating building height, developed typically on narrow plots. The only exception is one spot where the facade is interrupted by war damages and part of the castle wall reveals as a visual element. The outer row of houses consists of earlier, partly medieval buildings with wider lot divisions, resulting in patio houses that are connected to Castle District with passages. Once long ago – after the development of the surrounding facades – market function was present in this area of historical significance: it gave place to cattle markets or at some parts of it hay markets were held in the middle of the 19th century. In the 19th century, the Castle District was more of a contiguous, slightly outwards sloping area than a boulevard, even though also a tram line was running along it.

以前
BEFORE

历史照片
Historic photo

在二十世纪下半叶形成城堡区更新的设计过程之前盛行的条件。当时，交通系统是根据P.L Bordon的计划开发的，有保留墙、铰接和分离的交通路线（服务道路）。这种交通占主导地位的状态限制行人交通到最小，同时它纵向分离一个连续的空间。交通灯交叉口，服务道路，车辆通过和寻找停车位限制行人交通沿狭窄的支柱沿墙。在转换之前，实际上整个城堡区是一个相邻的停车场。宽敞的公共场所，宽敞而毗邻的广场，配得上城市，建筑过于繁华，连绵不绝：这片区域充满了挡土墙、道路和树篱，挡住了视线。城堡区房屋的地面楼层的招待和贸易的传统功能优势没有伴随相应的公共空间连接(例如，咖啡露台、户外餐饮区)。公共空间的建筑元素（历史建筑）在美学和技术条件方面都很差，而且这个地区缺少一个完整的形象，而这个形象本来可以为城堡区提供认同感。圣母玛利亚雕像和忠诚之泉（=Hségktja）之间的地方是梭伦最重要的公共空间之一。然而，它是不公正的分裂和分隔墙和楼梯。
Conditions prevailing before the design process of the Castle District’s renewal were formed during the second half of the 20th century. At that time, a traffic system was developed on basis of Pál Boronkai’s plans with retain walls, articulated and separated traffic routes (service road). This traffic-dominated state restricted pedestrian traffic to the minimum and at the same time it longitudinally separated the once contiguous space. Traffic light intersections, service roads, cars passing and searching for parking place restricted pedestrian traffic to a narrow stipe along the walls. Prior to the conversion, actually the whole Castle District was one contiguous parking lot. The generosity of the extremely wide public place, the large and contiguous square worthy of a city was overbuilt and over-articulated: the area was filled with retaining walls, roads and hedges blocking the view. The traditional functional dominance of hospitality and trade on the ground floors of the Castle District houses was not accompanied by corresponding public space connections (e.g. coffee terraces, outdoor catering areas). The architectural elements (historic buildings) of the public space were in poor aesthetic and technical condition, and the area missed a single, integrated image that could have provided the Castle District with identity. The place between the statue of Virgin Mary and the Fountain of Loyalty (=Hűség kútja) is one of the most important public spaces in Sopron. Nevertheless, it was unjustly fragmented and divided by retaining walls and stairs.

2009年秋天，索普伦市议会宣布了一项名为“索普伦——城堡区的复兴”的全国、秘密、公开的建筑竞赛。比赛由Hedidik M.Teim-KFT赢得。与景观设计师合作伙伴Gem M. Teim-KFT合作。经过几年的设计工作，第一个也是最壮观的公共空间更新阶段，到2015年大约有15000平方米的大面积建成。
In autumn 2009, the city council of Sopron announced a national, secret, open architectural competition with the title „Sopron – Revitalization of the Castle District”. The competition was won by Hetedik Műterem Kft. in collaboration with its landscape designer partner GEUM Műterem Kft. In the course of several years of design work, the first and most spectacular phase of the public space renewal, an approx. 15 thousand m2 large area has been completed by 2015.

城堡区的美丽之处在于它的特色在于其不断变化的横截面和不断变化的空间关系，沿着几乎半公里的长度，以及所有这一切都属于Vrkrt（城堡大道），它的活力和慷慨。这种二重性，即纵向动力和横截面多样性的二分法，是我们想在我们的计划中加强的最大价值。关键概念是当站在城堡区的任何位置时，人们都应该知道并感觉到他/她在这个区域的这一部分。然而，由于沿内外曲线的历史发展正面是决定性的城市设计元素，因此也不需要与之争夺主导地位，因此也需要采取适度的方法。
The beauty of the Castle District lies in its character created by the continuously changing cross sections and constantly varying spatial relations along almost half a kilometer length; and by the feature that all this belongs to Várkörút (Castle Boulevard), to its dynamism and generosity. This duality, namely the dichotomy of the longitudinal dynamism and cross-sectional diversity is the greatest value that we wanted to strengthen in our plan. The key concept was that when standing at any point of the Castle District one should know and feel that he/she is in this very part of the area. However, moderate approach was also required since the facades of the historic development along the inner and outer curves are determinative urban design elements, thus competing with them for dominance is unnecessary.

在公用设施完全重建后，根据更新的交通系统，安装了新的路灯，并形成了新的行人控制表面。由于历史环境和原有状态，我们的主要目标是创造一个外观（颜色）均匀地向外圆弧倾斜的路面，利用材料提供高贵的效果。这就是为什么我们选择深色的熟料砖和花岗岩条纹来确保空间结构的统一性。后者的图形，就像乐谱中的线条，旨在安排公共空间建筑的不同特征，而不会干扰整体感。由于公用事业网络的密度，园林绿化和种植业需要高度重视。虽然有穿孔叶子的高大树木被设计到中心地带，但是具有较小树冠的树种被放置在建筑物的旁边，部分原因是为了确保历史立面的主要景观，另一方面因为行人区的不同功能要求。n支配区域。
After the complete reconstruction of utilities, new street lighting was installed and new pedestrian-dominated surfaces were formed in accordance with the renewed traffic system. Because of the historic environment and the former state, our main objective was to create a pavement with uniform appearance (color) evenly sloping towards the outer arc, providing a noble effect with its use of material. That is why we chose dark-colored clinker bricks and granite stripes ensuring the unity of the spatial structure. The graphics of the latter, like lines in sheet music, were meant to arrange the different features of public space architecture without disturbing the sense of integrity. Due to the public utility network’s density, landscaping and planting demanded great care. While high trees with pierced foliage were designed to the central zone, tree species with smaller canopy were placed next to the buildings – partly in order to ensure a dominant view for the historic facades, and on the other hand because of the different functional requirements of the pedestrian-dominated areas.

在这个地区的中心建造了一个亭子，可以容纳必要的服务室和厕所。该建筑具有细腻的混凝土表面，具有板模板结构，预制钢筋混凝土百叶窗和木质镶板外墙，微妙地唤起了20世纪下半叶在梭伦完成的杰出纪念性重建工程的重要性。城堡区的第一阶段也是最大的阶段已经完成，现在它指明了城市核心周边地区进一步发展的方向。已经开始的城市中心公共广场的振兴将随着两个大的连接区域，基斯瓦克尔奎莱特（小城堡区）和什琴伊泰尔的更新而结束。
A pavilion was built in the area’s center of gravity, accommodating the necessary service rooms and toilets. The building has fine concrete surfaces with board formwork texture, precast reinforced concrete louvers and wood-paneled facades, subtly evoking the materiality of the excellent monumental reconstruction works accomplished in the second half of the 20th century in Sopron. The first and largest phase of the Castle District has been completed, and now it indicates the direction for further developments of the areas surrounding the city core. The already started public plaza revitalization of the city center will be finished with the renewal of two large connected areas, Kisvárkerület (Small Castle District) and Széchenyi tér.

关于更新的公共空间，巴纳巴斯·温克勒在他的评论中写道：“游客来到这个城市，尤其是索普伦的居民，显然对复兴的城市区很满意。城堡区不再仅仅是一个流通区，而是充满了真实的城市生活……城堡区曾经亲密的气氛已经回归，用现代材料重新塑造，但保留了小镇的舒适感。(雷吉·马吉亚·普塞2016/3)
With regard to the renewed public space, Barnabás Winkler wrote in his review: “Visitors to the city, but especially the residents of Sopron are visibly happy about the revitalized urban district. The Castle District is no longer merely a circulation zone, but it is filled with real urban life … The once intimate atmosphere of the Castle District has returned, being reformulated with modern materials, but preserving the small-town coziness.” (Régi-új Magyar Építőművészet 2016/3)

数据
Data

地址：索普朗城堡区
Address: Sopron, Castle District

面积：APPR。15公共空间000平方米公共建筑40m2
Area: appr. 15 000 m2 public space and 40m2 public building

设计阶段：2009（国家竞赛）2010~2013
Design phase: 2009 (national competition), 2010-2013

建设：2014-2015
Construction: 2014-2015

客户：索普朗市议会
Client: Sopron City Council

建筑：Hedidik Mm Telm有限公司
Architecture: Hetedik Műterem Ltd.

负责建筑的建筑师：Leve SZab-dLA
Architect in charge: Levente Szabó DLA

景观设计：Csenge Csontos（下），鲍勃拉拉吉乌雷，盖尔利·L·D·盖姆·M·特伦姆
Landscape design: Csenge Csontos (†), Borbála Gyüre, Gergely Lád Geum Műterem

合作建筑师：巴拉斯·比利、杰西卡·德沃兹萨克、达维德·科胡特、奥索利亚·西蒙（竞赛：奥索利亚·阿尔默、安德烈·帕尔、蒂博·塔恩佐斯）
Co-architects: Balázs Biri, Jessica Dvorzsák, Dávid Kohout, Orsolya Simon (Competition: Orsolya Almer, András Páll, Tibor Tánczos)

古迹的检查员：安德烈斯
Inspector of monuments: András Veöreös, Sándor Tárkányi

交通工程：D·D·R·霍尔，安德鲁·梅西（K·ZelkEdS有限公司）
Traffic engineering: Ádám Rhorer, András Mezey (Közlekedés Ltd.)

公用事业：D·D·萨扎（水族双溶胶有限公司）
Public utilities: Ádám Szabó (Aqua-Duo-Sol Ltd.)

街道照明技术：TIBOR Galaska，Frac HoviaTh（GT VILL有限公司）
Street lighting technology: Tibor Galazka, Ferenc Horváth (GT-Vill Ltd.)

土木工程师：卡巴巴
Civil engineer: Csaba Horváth

结构专家：格扎卡波维茨
Structural expert: Géza Kapovits

水工程：Gergely Drobni，拉斯库
Water engineering: Gergely Drobni, László Skublics

可及性：安娜
Accessibility: Anna Kormányos

总承包人：VEM埃塞尔VSZER有限公司
General contractor: VEMÉVSZER Ltd.

奖项：ICOMOS奖2016，
Awards: ICOMOS Award 2016,

诺维萨德DAN第二十建筑沙龙，城市设计类沙龙奖
DaNS 20th Salon of Architecture in Novi Sad, Salon Award in urban design category

照片：巴尔扎斯丹尼
Photos: Balázs Danyi