Jean Macé 学校扩建 / NTSA Architects

Jean Mac é School Expansion/NTSA Architects
Jean Macé 学校扩建 / NTSA Architects

夯土技术的创新运用：Jean Macé 学校扩建项目的核心亮点在于其对夯土这一古老建筑技术的创新应用。项目采用了800平方米的承重夯土墙，且材料取自距离场地50公里的原土，这不仅体现了对传统建造工艺的尊重，更展示了夯土在现代建筑中的可行性与优势。这种做法在当代建筑项目中颇具前瞻性，回应了可持续发展的需求。夯土墙的运用，结合现代建筑设计理念，赋予了建筑独特的视觉效果和质感，与周围环境和谐共生，突显了建筑师对材料特性和环境的深刻理解，也为建筑设计提供了新的思考方向。

空间布局的巧妙设计：项目对空间布局的精妙设计是其另一大亮点。建筑师充分考虑了城市规划、地块形状和现有学校的对称布局，将扩建部分设计为三个主要体量，并与现有建筑巧妙衔接。方形布局的设计，既合理划分了操场空间，又创造了大型中央有顶庭院，满足了学生多样化的活动需求。 R+1层的户外区域，包括露台、走廊和菜园，为学生提供了开放的活动空间。体育馆的独立设置和对外开放的设计，体现了对社区共享的考虑，也提升了学校的整体功能性，这些都显示出建筑师对空间利用和功能整合的精湛技艺。

可持续设计理念的实践：Jean Macé 学校扩建项目在可持续设计方面做出了卓越的实践。除了使用夯土这一环保材料外，项目还注重室内热舒适度，例如采用木纤维和胶合板内衬。屋顶的绿化和雨水收集系统，以及体育馆的木框架屋顶和光伏板，都体现了对环境保护和能源效率的重视。此外，通过项目，学校向学生展示了如何在更可持续的环境中生活，提供了生动的教育案例。这种将建筑与环境、功能与教育相结合的设计理念，使得该项目不仅是一个建筑作品，更是一个具有社会责任感和教育意义的实践范例。

From the architect. The expansion project of Jean Mac é School Group adheres to the principles of technological inheritance, simplicity, and common sense, using traditional on-site construction methods with 800 square meters of load-bearing rammed earth walls. These walls are entirely composed of untreated and unstable soil, taken from a distance of 50 kilometers from the site, reflecting the successful application of ancient techniques in contemporary architectural projects.
来自建筑师。Jean Macé 学校群的扩建项目秉承了技术传承、简约性与常识的原则，通过 800 平方米的承重夯土墙，采用了传统的现场施工方式。这些墙体完全由未经改良和未稳定的原土构成，土壤取自离场地 50 公里的地方，体现了古老技艺在当代建筑项目中的成功应用。

© Vladimir de Mollerat du Jeu

Ground Floor Plan

© Vladimir de Mollerat du Jeu

The choice of expansion location is crucial for the successful integration of the project into the site. Urban planning regulations, plot shape, and symmetrical layout of existing schools are the three key elements we explore in terms of volume. These factors prompted us to design the expansion into three main volumes. The first two volumes are arranged at right angles, extending the existing east and west wings respectively, to naturally expand the school's functions as much as possible, while maintaining the alignment of the existing building facade and ground elevation (+80 centimeters). These two volumes include 10 new classrooms and a cafeteria that can accommodate 70 people, and provide dedicated technical channels for staff and delivery. There are wooden furniture equipped with sinks and hooks in the hallway, making it convenient for students to use. The classroom has natural lighting and ventilation, and some classrooms are equipped with movable partitions that can be flexibly divided.
扩建位置的选择对于项目成功融入场地至关重要。城市规划规定、地块形状以及现有学校的对称布局，是我们探索体量的三个关键要素。这些因素促使我们将扩建设计为三个主要体量。前两个体量呈直角排列，分别延伸现有东翼和西翼，尽可能自然地扩展学校功能，同时保持现有建筑立面的对齐和地面标高（+80厘米）。这两个体量包含了 10 间新增教室及一间可容纳 70 人的食堂，并提供专用的技术通道用于员工和配送。走廊中设有配备水槽和挂钩的木制家具，方便学生使用。教室自然采光和通风，一些教室配有可移动隔断，可以灵活分割。

© Vladimir de Mollerat du Jeu

1st Floor Plan

© Vladimir de Mollerat du Jeu

The expansion section adopts a square layout, which structurally divides the expanded playground space and sets up a large central covered courtyard for students to engage in various activities. We also made full use of the space on the R+1 floor to create an outdoor area on the upper level, including terraces, corridors, and vegetable gardens. The third volume is located at the rear of the venue and is used to construct a sports arena and its ancillary facilities. Its location is convenient for internal use within the school and can also be easily opened to the public through Freedom Avenue, allowing external institutions to use it after class. The setback between the gymnasium and the street creates a vestibule for the project, ensuring the management and safety of personnel flow, and highlighting the display effect of the building. In addition to the integration of architectural functionality and aesthetics, the two square volumes of the expansion also adopt a hybrid structure, combining concrete and rammed earth technology. All load-bearing walls on the exterior facade are composed of unstable rammed earth and serve seismic purposes in earthquake prone areas. Through a series of soil characterization and experiments, the project team has demonstrated the bearing capacity of the earth wall structure, which complies with relevant building regulations.
扩建部分采用方形布局，结构上合理划分了拓展后的操场空间，并设置了一个大型中央有顶庭院，供学生进行各类活动。我们还充分利用 R+1 层的空间，创建了上层的户外区域，包括露台、走廊和菜园。第三个体量位于场地后部，用于建设体育馆及其附属设施。其位置既便于学校内部使用，也能方便地通过自由大道对外开放，允许外部机构在课后使用。体育馆与街道的退让为项目创造了前庭，确保了人员流动的管理与安全，并凸显了建筑的展示效果。除了建筑功能与美学的整合，扩建部分的两个方形体量还采用了混合结构，结合了混凝土与夯土技术。所有外立面的承重墙均由未稳定的夯土构成，并在地震区中起到抗震作用。通过一系列土壤的表征与实验，项目团队证明了土墙结构的承载能力，符合相关的建筑法规。

Indoors, wood fiber and plywood lining enhance the thermal comfort of the building. The shear wall is composed of original concrete and has undergone architectural treatment, showcasing a unique artistic effect. The external windows are made of wooden frames, ensuring good natural lighting. At the same time, stairs, guardrails, and sunshades are installed outside the building. The upper terrace is protected by wooden blinds, creating a warm atmosphere. The roof is covered with green and gravel, which helps to collect rainwater. The wooden frame roof of the gymnasium supports the entire structure and is equipped with photovoltaic panels to provide electricity for the school. For the existing building sections, the exterior walls are heat coated with wood fiber materials, and all facades are carefully replicated with the original decorative lines. Inside the building, after demolishing the original central staircase, a new connecting hall was created, equipped with two large aluminum alloy windows, bringing ample natural light and comfort to the new reception area, while also redefining the entrance of the historical building.
室内方面，木纤维和胶合板内衬提高了建筑的热舒适性。剪力墙由原始混凝土构成，并经过建筑处理，展示出独特的艺术效果。外窗采用木质框架，保证了良好的自然采光，同时，楼外安装了楼梯、护栏和遮阳篷等。上层露台通过木制百叶窗保护，营造出温馨的氛围。屋顶则采用了绿色和碎石覆盖层，有助于雨水的收集。体育馆的木框架屋顶支持着整个结构，并装载了光伏板，为学校提供电力。对于现有建筑部分，外墙通过木纤维材料进行热包覆，所有外立面都精心复刻了原有的装饰线条。建筑内部，拆除原有中央楼梯后，创建了新的贯通大厅，配有两扇大铝合金窗，为新的接待区带来了充足的自然光照和舒适性，同时也重新定义了历史建筑的入口。

The successful completion of this project is the result of years of collective effort, and the project team and various partners have jointly promoted the realization of this complex and innovative building. Nowadays, rammed earth facades have become a part of the urban landscape, reflecting the modern application of ancient craftsmanship and adding new ideas to future architectural landscapes. Through this project, the school demonstrated to students how to live in a simpler and more sustainable environment, and provided them with a practical case with profound educational significance.
该项目的顺利完成是多年集体努力的成果，项目团队与各方合作伙伴共同推动了这一复杂且创新的建筑实现。如今，夯土立面已经成为城市面貌的一部分，体现了古老工艺的现代应用，也为未来的建筑景观增添了新意。通过这一项目，学校向学生们展示了如何在一个更简约、更可持续的环境中生活，并为他们提供了一个教育意义深远的实际案例。