半山花语爱心书屋 / STEPS大台阶建筑

Half Mountain Flower Language Love Bookstore/STEPS Large Staircase Building
半山花语爱心书屋 / STEPS大台阶建筑

项目背景与设计理念：该项目巧妙地融合了对当地传统文化的尊重与对现代功能的提升。设计师深入研究了怒族传统“平座式”垛木房的结构，将其作为改造的基础，体现了对本土建筑文脉的深刻理解。在设计之初，项目团队便认识到项目面临的挑战，包括有限的预算和工期。设计方案的核心在于化繁为简，通过恢复原有的建筑结构，最大限度地利用现有材料，避免了不必要的浪费，并且保留了建筑的历史感。同时，项目也体现了对当地居民需求的关注，将老屋改造成书屋，为当地儿童提供了一个接触外界世界的平台。

空间设计与功能改造：设计师通过对原有结构的改造，成功解决了采光和通风问题，这不仅提升了阅读空间的舒适度，也延长了书籍的使用寿命。侧向高窗和顶部天窗的设计，极大地改善了室内光线，而纱窗的运用则兼顾了通风和防蚊虫的功能。此外，设计师还巧妙地利用了红色树脂瓦和红色排水檐沟，将新改造的屋顶与老房子的传统结构在视觉上区分开来，既体现了新旧的对比，又创造出了一种独特的视觉效果。室内家具的红色选择，与木结构共同营造了温暖、和谐的阅读氛围，为孩子们创造了一个温馨的学习环境。

材料选择与施工策略：项目的材料选择和施工策略体现了高度的实用性和成本控制能力。设计师选择了当地常见的4x8木方作为新增木结构的主要材料，并依靠当地木工在短时间内完成了搭建，最大程度地降低了施工成本。红色树脂瓦的运用不仅解决了屋顶漏水的问题，而且在视觉上与传统石棉瓦有所区别，突出了改造后的新元素。这种材料选择和施工方式，体现了设计师对当地材料的熟悉和对预算的精准控制，使得项目能够在有限的条件下实现最佳的效果。整个项目在朴素的建筑语言中，传递了对环境和社区的深刻关怀，体现了建筑的社会责任感。

This project is located in Qiuna Tong Village, Bingzhongluo Town, Gongshan County, Nujiang Prefecture, Yunnan Province, deep in the Nujiang Grand Canyon. Due to the high altitude, complex terrain, and relative isolation of Gongshan County, the traditional residential style of the Nu and other ethnic minorities has been preserved. However, in recent years, due to factors such as engineering migration and ecological relocation, a large number of traditional dwellings are being damaged and gradually disappearing.
本项目位于云南省怒江州贡山县丙中洛镇秋那桶村，地处怒江大峡谷深处。由于贡山县海拔较高，地形复杂，相对隔绝，怒族及其他少数民族的传统民居风貌得以保存。但近些年由于工程移民、生态搬迁等因素，大量传统民居正在遭受损毁并逐渐消失。

In addition, Gongshan County has just been lifted out of poverty in 2020, with low production and living standards, and limited educational conditions for local children. Mr. Gan Wenyong, who was born locally, transformed his old house into a charity library for children to read and learn in order to expose them to the outside world and step out of the mountains. Since its establishment in 2016, the "Half Mountain Flower Language" Love Bookstore has always been the only rural bookstore in Qiunatang Village and even within a 140 mile radius, with a collection of over 40000 books from the initial 100 books.
此外，贡山县于2020年刚刚脱贫，生产生活水平较低，本地儿童的教育条件十分有限。生于本地的甘文勇先生为了让家乡的孩子们接触到外面的世界，走出大山，将自家的一组老房改为公益爱心书屋供孩子们阅读学习。自2016年书屋建成至今，“半山花语”爱心书屋一直是秋那桶村乃至方圆140里唯一的乡村书屋，从开始的100册到如今藏书已过4万册。

In order to accommodate more books, Mr. Gan plans to transform one of the old buildings that was originally used as a classroom and kitchen into a reading room. This building is located in the center of the village cluster and can also serve as the activity center of the village. We have been commissioned by public welfare to carry out architectural renovation design.
为了容纳更多书籍，甘先生计划将其中一栋原本作为教室和厨房的老房子改造为阅读室。此栋建筑位于村落组团中心，同时可作为村里的活动中心。我们受公益委托前来进行建筑改造设计。

We first studied the prototype of the old house - the traditional "flat seat" wooden house of the Nu ethnic group [1]: the original wooden house was a double-layer structure, with the first floor being the roof structure, and the double slope stone roof directly landing through purlins, diagonal beams, crossbeams, and columns; The second layer is a shaft structure, where logs are staggered and overlapped to form a shaft wall. A central column and cross shaped wooden beams and boards are erected on the wall to form the roof below. The two-story structure is relatively independent, and the interlayer space formed between the roofs can be used for drying crops and placing agricultural tools. The retreating part of the well wall forms a gray space under the eaves. The plan size is about 5mx5m, which is the most primitive "mouth" shaped single space [2]. There are two small windows on the west wall. The main problem with this type of house is insufficient lighting and ventilation: for reading spaces, lighting is the biggest issue; The local climate is humid, and if there is insufficient ventilation for a long time, books will also become moldy.
我们首先研究了老房子的原型——怒族的传统民居“平座式”垛木房[1]：原始的垛木房为双层结构，第一层为屋顶结构，双坡石片屋面通过檩条、斜梁、横梁、柱子直接落地；第二层为井干结构，原木交错搭接形成井干式墙体，一根中柱及墙体上搭设的十字木梁、木板形成屋顶之下的房顶。两层结构相对独立，屋顶与房顶之间形成的夹层空间可用于晾晒庄稼、摆放农具，井干墙体的后退部分形成檐下灰空间。平面尺寸约为5mx5m，是最原始的“口”字型单一空间[2]，西侧墙开有两个小窗。这种房子的主要问题是采光和通风不足：对于阅读空间来说，采光是最大问题；本地气候潮湿，如果长期通风不足，书籍也会发霉。

采光通风图

Through on-site investigation, we can infer that the later part of the homeowner's renovation was: on the plan, the homeowner divided the original single space into two rooms, a kitchen and a classroom, and added a small room outdoors, reducing the gray space under the eaves. In terms of vertical structure, the homeowner removed the roof under the roof, removed the interlayer originally used for drying crops, retained the wooden beams of the original roof, and made an indoor ceiling. Due to the original mezzanine space being open, the homeowner closed the opening with wooden boards on the mountain wall, forming a new enclosure wall. We speculate that the homeowner cancelled the roof mezzanine because there was no functional requirement for drying crops and they wanted the indoor space to be raised, but this did not improve lighting and ventilation. In addition, due to the cessation of local production of stone tile roofs, homeowners have replaced traditional stone tiles with affordable gray asbestos tiles. However, there are multiple gaps between the tiles, which often result in water leakage.
通过实地考察，我们可以推断出后期屋主改造的部分：在平面上，屋主将原单一空间隔为厨房和教室两个房间，并在室外加建了一个小房间，缩小了檐下灰空间。在垂直结构上，屋主拆除了屋面下的房顶，取消了原本用来晾晒庄稼的夹层，保留原房顶的木梁并做了室内吊顶。由于原夹层空间是敞开式，屋主在山墙面用木板将洞口封闭，形成新的围护墙面。我们猜测屋主取消屋顶夹层是因为没有晾晒庄稼的功能需求，且希望室内空间得以变高，不过这并没有改善采光和通风。另外，由于本地已停止生产石片屋面，屋主用平价的灰色石棉瓦代替了传统石片，但瓦片之间有多处缝隙，经常漏水。

Constrained by a budget of 60000 yuan and a two-week construction period, our renovation strategy must be very pragmatic and spend the money wisely. Although the main wooden structure of the old house has been in use for many years, its quality is still good. Therefore, we first removed the parts that the owner had renovated and restored the building to its original stacked wooden structure. This not only created a comfortable and flexible reading space of 5mx5m, but also restored the gray space under the eaves, while also protecting the local traditional architectural style. Due to the removal of the roof under the roof, we removed the central column that had lost its load-bearing function and retained the cross wooden beam for installing eye protection lamps.
受制于六万元预算和两周工期，我们的改造策略必须非常务实，把钱花在刀刃上。老房子的主体木结构虽已使用多年，质量依然良好，所以我们首先拆除了屋主改造的部分，将建筑主体恢复为原始垛木房结构，这既创造了5mx5m舒适而灵活的阅读空间，又恢复了檐下灰空间，同时也保护了当地传统建筑风貌。由于屋顶下房顶的移除，我们拆除了失去承重功能的中柱，保留了十字木梁用以安装护眼灯管。

The most important thing next is to solve the problems of lighting and ventilation: we have made a new circle of lateral high windows along the upper part of the well wall, and renovated the entire roof: we have redone the purlins and roof on the basis of the inclined wooden beams, and added a top skylight. The lateral high windows and top skylight greatly enhance indoor lighting. The side high windows are sealed with transparent endurance panels, while the side of the top skylight is only sealed with white screens, which can be used as ventilation shafts to improve indoor ventilation, while preventing mosquitoes and fallen leaves.
接下来最重要的是解决采光和通风问题：我们沿着井干墙体上部新做了一圈侧向高窗，并将屋顶整体翻新：在原木斜梁的基础上重做檩条和屋面，新增顶部天窗，侧向高窗和顶部天窗极大地提升了室内采光。侧向高窗用透明耐力板封上，而顶部天窗侧面仅用白色纱窗封上，可作为拔风井提升室内通风，同时防蚊虫和落叶。

All newly added wooden structures are constructed using the most common local 4x8 wooden beams, which were quickly erected by local carpenters on site within a few days. The roofing material uses long red resin tiles instead of the original sheet asbestos tiles to solve the problem of roof leakage. The red resin tiles and red drainage eaves ditch visually detach the newly renovated roof from the traditional structure of the old house. The indoor furniture is also all red, forming a warm and harmonious spatial atmosphere together with the wooden structure.
所有新增木质结构均采用本地最常见的4x8木方，由本地木工在现场几天内迅速搭建完成。屋面材料用长条的红色树脂瓦替代原本的片状石棉瓦，解决屋面漏水问题。红色树脂瓦和红色排水檐沟将新改造的屋顶部分与老房子的传统结构从视觉上脱开。室内家具也均为红色，与木结构共同形成温暖和谐的空间氛围。

这个小房子让我们想起洛吉耶提出的“原始棚屋”——直指建筑最朴素的本质：用必要的构件扎根于土地，应对自然环境。

[1] Ji Jing Research on Lisu Ethnic Residential Houses in Nujiang, Yunnan [D]. Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2016:72-74.
[2] Liu Ke Research on the Suitability Renewal Design of Traditional Wooden House Buildings in Nujiang Prefecture, Yunnan Province [D]. Beijing Jianzhu University, 2021:17
[1] 吉菁.云南怒江傈僳族民居研究[D].上海交通大学,2016:72-74.
[2] 刘轲.云南省怒江州传统木楞房建筑适宜性更新设计研究[D].北京建筑大学,2021:17