Hway Ka Loke 学校 / Simple Architecture

Hway Ka Loke School/Simple Architecture
Hway Ka Loke 学校 / Simple Architecture

设计理念与社会责任：Hway Ka Loke学校项目的核心在于其深切的社会责任感。建筑师并未止步于建造教室，而是将建筑设计与解决缅甸难民和移民面临的严峻问题紧密结合。项目响应了因缅甸政变而激增的难民需求，为当地社区提供了迫切需要的教育空间。这种积极的社会参与体现了建筑设计的价值，即它不仅是空间的营造者，也是社会问题的解决者。项目在设计过程中充分考虑到当地社区的需求，并积极与校长、家长委员会和当地社区进行沟通，确保了建筑的设计与使用能够真正服务于当地居民。

材料与建造的创新性：该项目在材料选择和建造方法上展现出极高的创新性与可持续性。选择土坯砖和二手木材作为主要建筑材料，不仅降低了成本，也最大限度地减少了对环境的影响。这种材料的选择充分考虑了当地气候特征、材料可得性以及生态足迹。更重要的是，项目将土坯砖的制作技术与当地社区相结合，通过工作坊的形式，让学生和当地居民参与到建筑的建造过程中。这种参与式的设计与建造方法，不仅提高了项目的可行性，也增强了社区的凝聚力，让建筑成为社区共同的成果。

可持续性与社区参与：Hway Ka Loke学校项目的精髓在于其可持续性和社区参与的完美结合。项目不仅关注建筑本身的物理属性，更注重其对环境和社会的影响。通过土坯砖的制作工艺，项目实现了技术的可复制性，保证了项目的长远发展。此外，项目积极组织工作坊，让当地学生和居民参与到建筑的建造过程中，这不仅传递了建筑知识，也增强了他们对自身社区的认同感。这种社区参与模式，确保了项目在建成后能够得到持续的维护和使用，真正实现了建筑的可持续发展和社区的共同进步。

From the architect. Hway Ka Loke is a school that serves Burmese immigrants and refugees around the Thai Burmese border town of Mae Sot. Since the military coup in Myanmar on February 1, 2021, the number of Myanmar refugees and immigrants crossing the border into Thailand has sharply increased. Three local community organizations are supporting the operation of various learning centers by providing necessary funds such as teacher salaries, lunch, and school uniforms. However, there is often a lack of sufficient support for new classrooms, sanitation facilities, and overall infrastructure.
来自建筑师。Hway Ka Loke 是一所服务于泰缅边境城镇湄索周边缅甸移民与难民的学校。自 2021 年 2 月 1 日缅甸发生军事政变以来，越境进入泰国的缅甸难民与移民人数急剧增加。当地三家社区组织正通过提供教师薪资、午餐及校服等必要资金，支持各学习中心运转。然而，新建教室、卫生设施及整体基础设施等方面往往缺乏充足支持。

© Jonathan Wiedemann

立面图

© Jonathan Wiedemann

The existing school facilities are often insufficient in scale and cannot provide sufficient space for all children. To accommodate newly arrived children in Mae Sot, a temporary shelter like building has been constructed locally to expand the space. Although most schools are registered with the Ministry of Education (MoE) in Thailand, none of them have received financial assistance. This leads to the construction of temporary buildings that are often extremely rudimentary, mostly unsustainable, and almost impossible to use for a long time.
现有的学校设施往往规模不足，无法为所有儿童提供充足空间。为接纳新抵达湄索的儿童，当地已搭建起类似临时庇护所的建筑以拓展空间。尽管多数学校已在泰国教育部（MoE）注册，但无一所学校获得财政资助。这导致搭建的临时建筑通常极为简陋，大多不具备可持续性，且几乎无法长久使用。

© Alessandra Esposito

© Jonathan Wiedemann

轴测分析图

© Jonathan Wiedemann

In six weeks, we worked hand in hand with the school community and successfully built four new classrooms. This project has received full support from the Stiftung Deutscher Architekten, the foundation of German architects. Before the project was launched, the German Architects Foundation issued a notice inviting young architects and students to participate in the construction in the form of travel scholarships. All decisions made on site are based on close communication with the principal, parent committee, and local community.
在六周的时间里，我们与学校社区携手合作，成功建成了四间新教室。该项目得到了德国建筑师基金会（Stiftung Deutscher Architekten）的全力支持。项目启动前，德国建筑师基金会发布公告，邀请青年建筑师和学生以旅行奖学金的形式参与此次建设。现场所有决策均是在与校长、家长委员会以及当地社区密切沟通的基础上做出的。

© Jonathan Wiedemann

© Alessandra Esposito

一层平面图

© Jonathan Wiedemann

Based on comprehensive considerations of climate characteristics, material availability, ecological footprint, and social factors, the school selects adobe bricks and locally purchased second-hand wood as the two main building materials. The original soil on the site contained sufficient clay components. After mixing it with locally available rice husks, we successfully produced about 4500 adobe bricks within four weeks. In addition, by boiling locally common cassava starch and adding it to a mixture of fine sand and local soil slag, we have developed an extremely strong and waterproof final coating for the exterior walls of adobe classrooms.
基于气候特性、材料可得性、生态足迹及社会因素的综合考量，学校选用土坯砖和本地采购的二手木材作为两大主要建筑材料。场地原有的土壤含有充足的黏土成分，将其与当地易得的稻壳混合后，我们在四周时间内成功制作了约四千五百块土坯砖。此外，通过将本地常见的木薯淀粉煮沸，并将其加入细沙与本地土壤矿渣的混合物中，我们为土坯教室的外墙研制出一种极为坚固且具有防水效果的最终涂层。

We aim to collaborate with rural immigrants and refugee groups from Myanmar through various measures. The production process of adobe bricks has strong replicability, and the technology of using adobe bricks as building materials is also quite simple. Every year, we invite teachers, students, and high school students from local architecture departments to participate in brick making workshops and personally practice the construction process of adobe walls.
我们通过各项举措，旨在与来自缅甸的乡村移民及难民群体展开合作。土坯砖的制作工艺具有很强的可复制性，且以土坯砖作为建筑材料的技术也相当简单。每年，我们都会邀请当地建筑院系师生及高中学生参与制砖工作坊，并亲身实践土坯墙的建造过程。

We are striving to continue and expand the scale of these workshops year by year. During the workshop, students not only learn about natural architecture, but also gain a deeper understanding of the complex political situation faced by immigrants and refugees who have fled across the border to Thailand due to the civil war in Myanmar.
我们正努力逐年延续并扩大这些工作坊的规模。在工作坊期间，学生们不仅能学习自然建筑的相关知识，还能深入了解那些因缅甸国内内战而跨境逃至泰国的移民与难民所面临的复杂政治局势。

The project will be carried out in Mae Sot, Thailand from January 14 to February 21, 2025, with partners including the Myanmar Migrant Teacher Association (BMTA), the Stiftung Deutscher Architekten, and the Social Architecture e.V.
该项目于 2025 年 1 月 14 日至 2 月 21 日期间在泰国湄索开展，合作方包括缅甸移民教师协会（Burma Migrant Teacher Association, BMTA）、德国建筑师基金会（Stiftung Deutscher Architekten）以及社会建筑协会（socialarchitecture e.V.）。