巴西可持续学校 / Sem Muros Arquitetura Integrada

Brazilian Sustainable School/Sem Muros Arquitetura Integra
巴西可持续学校 / Sem Muros Arquitetura Integrada

项目亮点：可持续性与社区参与的完美结合：这个巴西可持续学校项目最引人注目的特点，在于其对可持续性的深度实践，以及对社区参与的强调。项目不仅关注建筑材料的环保性，例如木材框架和夯土墙的应用，更在于对水资源的管理，例如灰水用于灌溉、黑水生态处理。同时，项目采用参与式设计，让学生、教职工和社区成员共同参与，确保设计方案真正满足当地需求。这种设计理念体现了对环境的尊重和对社区的关怀，是未来可持续建筑的重要发展方向。

项目精髓：创新设计与本土材料的巧妙融合：该项目在设计上的精髓在于其对空间与材料的创新性运用。多功能活动室的十二面体设计，以及夯土墙与木桁架屋顶的结合，营造出独特的空间体验。同时，项目充分利用当地资源，例如利用建筑剩余木材制作家具，用干草填充木框架结构，这不仅节约了成本，也赋予了建筑独特的本土特色和人文关怀。这种设计方法体现了对地域文化的尊重和对可持续发展理念的实践，值得借鉴和推广。

项目启示：设计与建造过程中的灵活性与创新：该项目最大的启示在于其在设计和建造过程中展现出的灵活性和创新精神。在45天的工期内，项目团队能够根据实际情况和现场可用资源，不断调整和优化设计方案。例如，利用剩余木材和干草的创意，体现了团队对建筑材料的深刻理解和对当地资源的有效利用。这种灵活应变的能力，以及对创新方案的接纳，是实现可持续建筑目标的关键。这为我们提供了在有限条件下，创造卓越建筑的宝贵经验。

This project is part of the "Sustainable Campus" initiative launched by the non-governmental organization Tagma, aimed at integrating public and sustainable educational building networks from multiple countries in Latin America. Through open recruitment and multiple on-site inspections, Nossa Senhora da Concei çã o Municipal Rural School in Brazil was ultimately selected as the project implementation site. This school is a public elementary school located in Mogi das Cruzes, S ã o Paulo state. The building where the school is located was built in the 1950s, with only two classrooms. The sewage from the bathroom is directly discharged into the nearby stream, and the offices of administrative staff and teachers are temporarily built in a small space. However, the school is surrounded by large grasslands and beautiful natural landscapes.
该项目是非政府组织“Tagma”发起的“可持续校园”计划的一部分，旨在整合拉丁美洲多个国家的公共且可持续的教育建筑网络。通过公开招募以及多次实地考察，最终选定巴西的诺萨·塞尼奥拉·达·孔塞桑市立乡村学校（Nossa Senhora da Conceição Municipal Rural School）作为项目实施地。该校是圣保罗州莫吉达斯克鲁塞斯市（Mogi das Cruzes）的一所公立小学。学校所在的建筑建于 20 世纪 50 年代，仅有两间教室，卫生间的污水直接排入附近的小溪，行政人员和教师的办公室则临时搭建在狭小的空间内。尽管如此，学校周边却环绕着大片草地和秀丽的自然景观。

The design of this renovation and expansion project is based on a participatory process that involves students, faculty, and family members, and employs specific interactive approaches for each group. The entire process begins with a core question: What do you want this school to look like in the future?
该翻修与扩建项目的设计基于一个参与式流程，该流程让学生、教职工和家属共同参与其中，并针对每个群体采用特定的互动方式，整个过程始于一个核心问题：你希望这所学校未来是什么样的？

By systematically integrating these activities, the project plan was established, guided by three pillars: low environmental impact; Adopting a construction model that combines theory with practice; And set a construction period of 45 days. Based on this, by expanding the sheltered area of the school, we have created a wooden framed classroom for first grade students and added more sheltered courtyard spaces for use in rainy and hot weather; The area where the administrative office was originally located (under the water tank) has been transformed into two bathrooms (one accessible bathroom and one staff only bathroom). The grey water from the bathroom (from the sink and shower) will be diverted to a banana grove, while the black water (from the toilet) will be combined with the sewage from the existing bathroom and kitchen and diverted to an ecological treatment station; In addition, adjacent to the area, using a wooden frame structure, we have built offices for teachers and principals and covered them with green roofs.
通过系统化整合这些活动，项目方案得以确立，该方案以三大支柱为指导原则：低环境影响；采用理论与实践相结合的建造模式；以及设定 45 天的施工周期。据此，通过扩建学校的遮蔽区域，我们为一年级学生打造了一间采用木框架结构的教室，并增设了更多有遮蔽的天井空间，以供雨天和烈日天气使用；原本行政办公室所在的区域（位于水箱下方）被改造为两间卫生间（一间无障碍卫生间和一间教职工专用卫生间），卫生间的灰水（来自洗手池和淋浴）将引流至一片香蕉树丛中，而黑水（来自马桶）则与现有卫生间和厨房的污水合并，引流至一处生态处理站；此外，紧邻该区域，同样采用木框架结构，我们建造了教师和校长的办公室，并为其覆盖了绿色屋顶。

改造项目

This multifunctional activity room is a space that children dream of, suitable for music, dance, computer, and reading courses. It has a dodecahedron shape, creating a free and open interior space. Each radial line position of the polygon is equipped with a rammed earth wall (i.e. a structural wall made of compacted soil) to support a wooden truss roof composed of small section components that are easy to operate. Twelve trusses converge in the central circular structure, with an opening at the top of the ring, further enhancing the fun of this space.
这个多功能活动室是孩子们梦寐以求的空间，可用于音乐、舞蹈、计算机和阅读课程。它呈十二面体形状，营造出一个自由开阔的内部空间。该多边形的每条径向线位置都设有一面夯土墙（即压实土壤制成的结构墙），用以支撑由易于操作的小截面构件组成的木桁架屋顶。十二根桁架汇聚于中央环状结构，环顶设有开口，进一步强化了这一空间的趣味性。

分析图

The connection between rammed earth walls constitutes the furniture element of the space itself, which optimizes the overall shape of the building while also serving a leisure function. Here, windows can also serve as doors, and benches are cleverly arranged indoors and outdoors, blending seamlessly with the surrounding landscape.
夯土墙之间的衔接处构成了空间本身的家具元素，这一设计优化了建筑的整体造型，同时兼具休闲功能。在这里，窗户也可兼作门使用，长椅则巧妙地布置在室内外，与周边景观融为一体。

This project brings together construction workers, school community members, public sector personnel, children, architects, students, and other participants, and the entire process is promoted through interdisciplinary and collective collaboration. During the project implementation process, participatory design continues to deepen and take root, and the construction team utilizes available resources on site to propose solutions. For example, we use leftover wood from construction to make furniture; Fill the wooden frame structure with hay provided by nearby farms (these ideas were born during the construction process). These measures not only enhance the functionality of the space, but also give it unique meaning, creating a building that truly meets the needs of the local people and the region.
该项目汇聚了建筑工人、学校社区成员、公共部门人员、儿童、建筑师、学生等各方参与者，整个过程采用跨学科、集体协作的方式推进。在项目实施过程中，参与式设计不断深化并落地生根，施工团队利用现场可用资源提出解决方案。例如，我们利用建筑施工剩余木材制作家具；用邻近农场提供的干草填充木框架结构等（这些创意均诞生于施工过程之中）。这些举措不仅增强了空间的功能性，还赋予其独特意义，打造出了一座真正契合当地民众与地域实际需求的建筑。