2104 号社会住房单元 / HARQUITECTES

Social Housing Unit 2104/HARQUITECTES
2104 号社会住房单元 / HARQUITECTES

项目亮点：可持续与循环利用：该项目最令人瞩目的亮点在于其对可持续发展的深刻理解和实践。设计师巧妙地运用“城市采矿”策略，将拆除旧建筑产生的废料转化为新建筑的材料。这种方法不仅减少了建筑垃圾，降低了环境负担，更在一定程度上节约了建筑成本。通过回收利用的材料，尤其是当地特有的砂岩（marès），赋予了建筑独特的地域特色和历史感。这种循环利用的理念在当今建筑领域具有重要的示范意义，体现了设计师对环境负责任的态度和对可持续发展的深刻思考。

项目亮点：创新的结构体系：该项目在结构设计上展现出创新性和巧妙性。通过预制巨型混凝土块，并将其堆叠成承重墙，有效地支撑了交叉层压木材 (CLT) 天花板。这种结构体系不仅简化了施工流程，加快了建设速度，还在视觉上赋予了建筑独特的韵律感和美学特征。每层墙体厚度的递减设计，以及隔墙与楼梯核心筒的协同，都体现了设计师对结构力学和空间布局的深刻理解。这种创新的结构体系，在保证建筑安全性和稳定性的同时，也为建筑赋予了独特的表现力和个性。

项目精髓：材料与空间共生：项目最显著的精髓在于材料与空间的和谐统一。建筑外立面清晰地展现了其结构体系，预制混凝土块墙的端墙与木制天花板共同构成了建筑的视觉语言。同时，木质阳台和百叶窗的运用，不仅提供了遮阳功能，也为建筑增加了层次感和细部设计。空间布局与功能规划也与结构体系相呼应，楼梯核心筒的位置、贯通式公寓的设计以及顶层大露台的设置，都体现了设计师对空间、材料和功能的综合考量。这种材料与空间共生的设计理念，使得建筑不仅具有实用性，更具有美学价值和文化内涵。

On the land where social housing (mainly for the elderly) was being built, there was once a building that did not comply with urban planning regulations and was in poor condition, so we had to demolish it - there was no possibility of preserving it. The project is a small, abandoned three story school, with structural sandstone (mar è s, a locally unique stone) walls and concrete and ceramic ceilings. The unique strategy of this project is to use the materials generated from the demolition of old schools as resources for the construction of new buildings, which we call "urban mining": the material resources come directly from the urban land itself, that is, the materials obtained after the demolition of the original buildings.
在建造社会住房（主要面向老年人）的地块上，曾有一栋建筑，因其不符合城市规划法规且状况不佳，我们不得不将其拆除 —— 没有保留它的可能性。该项目是一所小型、废弃的三层学校，建筑墙体采用结构砂岩（marès，一种当地特有的石材）砌筑，天花板则是混凝土和陶瓷材质。该项目的独特策略在于，将旧学校拆除产生的材料作为资源，用于新建筑的建设，即我们所说的“城市采矿”：材料资源直接来自城市地块本身，即拆除原有建筑后所得的材料。

After the demolition work is completed, the materials have also been screened, and at this time, almost all construction waste has been reused according to the type of materials. Firstly, fill the foundation trench and walls of the semi basement with fragments of ceramic and concrete components (140 cubic meters). Secondly, all sandstone (approximately 160 cubic meters) is used to make giant concrete blocks (approximately 3000 blocks), which are made by mixing cement, lime, and recycled mar è s stone (40% of the volume of the concrete blocks). The recycled mar è s stone includes large pebbles up to 30 centimeters in diameter, sandstone gravel, and picad í s (a type of sand also derived from mar è s stone). Each concrete block is cut from a 4-meter by 4-meter concrete slab using a large circular saw, so that the stone reappears on the surface of the concrete block.
拆除工作完成后，材料也已筛选完毕，此时，几乎所有的建筑废料都根据材料类型进行了再利用。首先，将陶瓷和混凝土构件碎片（140 立方米）填入半地下室的基槽和墙体中。其次，所有砂岩（约 160 立方米）都被用于制作巨型混凝土块（约 3000 块），这些混凝土块由水泥、石灰与回收的 marès 石（占混凝土块体积的 40%）混合而成，其中回收的 marès 石包含直径最大达 30 厘米的大卵石、砂岩砾石以及 picadís（一种砂，同样来自 marès石）。每块混凝土块都是从一块4米 × 4米的混凝土板中用大型圆盘锯切割出来的，这样一来，石头便重新显现在混凝土块的表面。

The load borne by the top floor is relatively small, and its concrete blocks are made of 100% lime concrete, while the concrete blocks of other floors are mixed with lime and cement. These concrete blocks are approximately 135 centimeters in length, 42 centimeters in height, and each layer has a different width (64 centimeters, 54 centimeters, 44 centimeters, and 34 centimeters, respectively). They start prefabrication after the demolition work is completed, and then proceed with the construction of the new building. This method significantly shortens the construction period.
顶层所承受的荷载较小，其混凝土块采用 100% 的石灰混凝土制成，而其他楼层的混凝土块则是将石灰与水泥混合使用。这些混凝土块长度约为 135 厘米，高度为 42 厘米，且每层的宽度各不相同（分别为 64 厘米、54 厘米、44 厘米和 34 厘米）。它们在拆除工作完成后即开始预制，随后才展开新建筑的建设工作。这种方法显著缩短了施工周期。

These concrete blocks are stacked to construct load-bearing walls perpendicular to the street, supporting cross laminated timber (CLT) ceilings. On each floor, the thickness of the walls has been reduced by 10 centimeters, which can directly support the wooden panels and accelerate the construction speed of the entire structure.
这些混凝土块被堆叠起来，构筑成与街道垂直的承重墙，以支撑交叉层压木材（CLT）天花板。在每一层楼上，墙体的厚度都减少了 10 厘米，这样可以直接支撑木材面板，从而加快了整个结构的施工速度。

Vertically to the main wall are partition walls with a thickness of 13 centimeters, which are constructed using the same giant concrete (cyclical concrete) as described earlier. The specific method is to cut a 60 centimeter wide concrete block into four 13 centimeter thick sections. These partition walls, together with the staircase and elevator core tube, form the structural system of the entire building.
与主墙垂直的是厚度为 13 厘米的隔墙，这些隔墙采用与前文所述相同的巨型混凝土（cyclopean concrete）构筑而成，具体做法是将一块宽度为 60 厘米的混凝土块切割成四个 13 厘米厚的部分。这些隔墙与楼梯和电梯核心筒共同构成了整栋建筑的结构体系。

分析图

The spatial layout and functional planning of the entire building correspond to the described structural system; In the floor plan layout, the staircase core tube is located in a corner, which leads to the corridor of the internal garden. Each apartment is accessed from this corridor - except for the semi basement level apartments, the rest are through type apartments. Half basement level apartments are similar to loft level apartments, with a depth of only half that of standard floors, and each apartment utilizes two structural spans. The top floor apartment is equipped with a large terrace. In addition, each floor also has public areas such as laundry rooms, lounges, etc.
整栋建筑的空间布局与功能规划均与所描述的结构体系相呼应；平面布局中，楼梯核心筒位于角落一隅，由此可通往内部花园的走道，每套公寓均从该走道进入 —— 除半地下室层的公寓外，其余均为贯通式公寓。半地下室层的公寓与顶层阁楼公寓类似，深度仅为标准楼层的一半，且每套公寓均利用两个结构跨度。顶层公寓配备有大露台。此外，每层楼还设有公共区域（如洗衣房、休息室等）。

The building facade vividly displays its structural system: the end walls of precast concrete block walls (vertically) gradually decrease in height on each floor to support the wooden (horizontally) ceiling; At the same time, as part of the facade of each apartment, there is also a tall wooden balcony with opaque sunshades on one side and louvers installed to block direct sunlight from the east and west directions.
建筑立面鲜明地展示了其结构体系：预制混凝土块墙的端墙（垂直方向）在每层楼的高度逐渐降低，用以支撑木制（水平方向）天花板；同时，作为每套公寓的立面部分，立面还设有通高的木质阳台，阳台一侧配有不透明的遮阳条，并安装了百叶窗，以遮挡东西向的阳光直射。

平面图

The appearance display indicates the structural system: longitudinal testaros (city walls), prefabricated blocks decrecen on each floor and roof of wood (horizontal), in front of each apartment, wooden floor to ceiling, balconiras side with opaque zones and Alicantinas blinds to protect the sun from east and west.
外观显示指出结构系统:纵向 testeros(城墙)、预制块 decrecen 在每层和屋顶的木材(横向),每个公寓前面,木质地板到天花板,balconeras 侧与不透明的地带和 alicantinas 百叶窗,以保护太阳从东方和西方。