黄岩石窟的三种空间设计/穆工作室

黄岩石窟的三种空间设计/穆工作室
Three Spatial Designs in the Huangyan Grottoes / Atelier Moo

创新性的模块化设计：该项目最引人注目的亮点在于其高度模块化和可变的设计策略。面对工期压力和保护原有环境的限制，设计师选择采用模块化的家具单元。这种设计方案极大地减少了现场施工的工作量，加快了建造速度。更重要的是，通过不同单元的组合，设计师成功地在三个空间中创造了截然不同的体验。从咖啡馆的沉思空间到多功能设计商店的通道，再到快闪店的自由氛围，模块化设计赋予了空间极高的灵活性和适应性，充分满足了不同功能的需求。这种设计手法为类似项目的改造提供了宝贵的经验，展现了设计师对空间利用的深刻理解和对环境的尊重。

材质的统一与对比：项目在材料选择上展现了设计师的匠心独运。仅使用阳极氧化铝作为主要材料，这种选择既简化了设计，又实现了与石窟环境的视觉对比。银白色的铝材与石墙的粗犷质感形成鲜明对比，凸显了设计元素的现代感。同时，铝材的耐用性也符合了景区的使用需求。通过限定家具单元的类型和高度，设计师进一步强化了材料的统一性，从而使设计语言更加简洁和清晰。这种克制而巧妙的材料运用，不仅体现了设计师对材料的深刻理解，也为空间注入了独特的个性和质感，使得整体设计在视觉上既统一又富有层次感。

空间布局的灵活与巧思：该项目在空间布局方面展现了卓越的创造力。设计师巧妙地利用原始石窟的结构，结合模块化家具，创造了多样化的空间体验。无论是咖啡馆的圆形布局，还是设计商店的通道式设计，都展现了设计师对空间流线和功能的深刻理解。特别是在咖啡馆的设计中，设计师利用突出石墙打破轴对称，创造了舒适的入口宽度，弱化了安装痕迹，使空间更自然地融入环境。梯形平台的设计更是将石墙与平台分离，形成高窄的中庭，巧妙地界定了空间的前部，为快闪店营造了独特的氛围。这种灵活的布局策略，使得项目在有限的空间内实现了多样化的功能，同时也展现了设计师对空间利用的独到见解。

建筑师提供的文字描述。这是浙江台州黄岩石窟景区内的一组空间设计。翻修工程由建筑师徐甜甜的团队完成。我们的设计任务是将三个区域改造成一个咖啡馆、一个多功能设计商店和一个独立品牌的快闪店。由于进度压力，无法对现场已完工的基础设施进行破坏性调整，如铺路和公用设施管线。一种策略是使用模块化组装家具单元作为空间组织的主要手段。所有家具都不固定在地面或石墙上，以减少对原始环境的破坏，也最大限度地减少了现场工作，使施工更容易、更快。另一种策略是使用尽可能少的单元，通过家具单元的不同组合来创造三种不同的空间体验。
Text description provided by the architects. This is a set of spatial designs within the Huangyan Grottoes scenic area in Taizhou, Zhejiang. The renovation work was completed by architect Xu Tiantian's team. Our design task was to transform three areas into a cafe, a multifunctional design store, and a pop-up shop for an indie brand. Due to schedule pressures, no disruptive adjustments could be made to the completed infrastructure on site, such as paving and utility lines. One strategy is to use modular assembled furniture units as the main means of spatial organization. All the furniture is not fixed to the ground or stone walls, to reduce the damage to the original environment, also to minimize the on-site work, and make the construction easier and faster. Another strategy is to use as few units as possible to create three different spatial experiences by different combinations of the furniture units.

首先，我们决定只使用一种材料，从与石窟对比和耐用性的角度来看，我们选择了阳极氧化铝，它具有银白色的颜色，光滑、抽象的纹理，与石墙的粗糙纹理形成对比。此外，我们将家具单元类型的种类限制在最低限度。设置了450mm、900mm和1800mm三种高度，对应于三种类型的家具：椅子、桌子和架子。
First, we decided to use only one material, from the perspective of contrasting with the grottoes and durability, we chose anodized aluminum, which has a silver-white color, and smooth, abstract texture, contrasting with the rough texture of the stone walls. Also, we limited the variety of furniture unit types to a minimum. Three heights of 450mm, 900mm, and 1800mm were set, corresponding to three types of furniture: chair, table, and shelf.

Floor Plan

椅腿和表面可以以不同的方式组合，以创建两种使用状态：线性长凳和弯曲长凳。桌面呈梯形，较短的边缘朝向一侧，形成弯曲的条形，而较长和较短的边结合形成线性条形。桌面和腿可以平行和垂直组合，当腿空间用作存储空间时，可以根据需要进行调整。
The chair legs and surfaces can be combined in different ways to create two states of use: a linear bench and a curved bench. The tabletops are trapezoidal, with the shorter edges facing one side to create a curved bar, while combining longer and shorter edges forms a linear bar. Tabletops and legs can be combined both parallel and perpendicularly, and can be adjusted as needed when the leg space is used as storage space.

考虑到现场组装和拆卸的便利性，所有垂直组件都是自支撑的，水平组件的安装是在确保垂直组件在施工过程中的稳定性后进行的。所有连接点都用螺栓固定，基本上一个人可以操作。照明条隐藏在水平组件下方的弯曲边缘中，倾斜的垂直表面接收光线，形成具有漫反射的柔和发光表面。
Considering the convenience of on-site assembling and disassembling, all vertical components are self-supporting, and the installation of the horizontal components is carried out after ensuring the stability of the vertical components during the construction process. All connection points are secured with bolts, and basically, one person can operate. Lighting strips are hidden in the bending edges under the horizontal components, and the inclined vertical surfaces receive the light, forming a softly luminous surface with diffuse reflection.

第一个空间位于入口附近，以石墙上的矿床形成的近乎圆形的自然“壁画”为特色。在灯光下，壁画产生了一种微妙的三维效果，像圆顶一样主宰着空间，并创造了一种强烈的中心感，带有一些微妙的宗教情感。这个空间被设置为咖啡馆。我们希望它是一个安静的沉思空间，人们可以在这里近距离欣赏壁画、石桥、深潭和对面的景色，并想象一个通过石墙开口向各个方向延伸的洞穴网络。
The first space is located near the entrance, featuring a nearly round natural "mural" formed by mineral deposits on the stone wall. Under lighting, the mural produces a subtle three-dimensional effect, dominating the space like a dome and creating a strong centrality with some subtle religious sentiment. This space is set as a cafe. We wanted it to be a quiet space for contemplation, where people can stay to have close-up views of the mural, vistas of the stone bridge, deep pond, and the opposite side, and visualize a network of caves spreading out in various directions through the openings in the stone walls.

我们定义了一个有桌子和椅子的圆形空间，使用强大的几何形状来抵消强烈的空间特征。我们把酒吧设在石墙附近；圆形的两翼上设有弯曲的连续矮凳，供人们舒适地坐着；在入口侧，可以站立或倾斜使用的高桌随时可以起身，与低墙另一侧的行人形成轻松的关系。入口处突出的石墙成为打破构图绝对轴对称的机会，通过调整角度和模块数量，我们创造了一个舒适的入口宽度。这种弱化处理似乎使这个安装空间更自然地融入环境。
We defined a circular space with tables and chairs, using powerful geometric forms to counteract the strong spatial characteristics. We set the bar near the stone wall; curved continuous low benches are set on two wings of the circle for people to sit comfortably; and on the entrance side, a high table that can be used by standing or leaning, is easy to get up from at any time, forming a relaxing relationship with the pedestrians on the other side of the low wall. A protruding stone wall at the entrance becomes an opportunity to break the absolute axial symmetry of the composition, and by adjusting the angle and the number of modules, we create a comfortable entrance width. This weakening treatment seems to allow this installation space to integrate more naturally into the environment.

第二个空间没有强烈的视觉焦点，具有通道性，因此整体感觉相对宽松。我们在一边摆满了一排书架，而在另一边，我们设立了一个接待台和一个酒吧。保留了空间作为通道的属性，而中间封闭的开放区域可以通过不同的桌子和椅子布局灵活地用作展览、工作室或观影空间。
The second space does not have a strong visual focus and has a property of passage, so the overall feeling is relatively loose. We filled one side with an array of bookshelves, while on the opposite side, we set up a reception counter and a bar. The property of the space as a passageway is retained, while the open area enclosed in the middle can be used flexibly as an exhibition, workshop, or movie-watching space through different layouts of tables and chairs.

第三个空间是一个梯形平台。石墙与平台断开连接，与较低的空间形成一个高而窄的中庭，自然成为空间的前部。空间的布局基于这个正面，与独立品牌快闪店的自由氛围相平衡。这个景区的商业模式应该改变。我们希望我们的设计能够提供很强的灵活性，通过调整单元的形式和布局来适应未知的空间条件。
The third space is a trapezoidal platform. The stone wall is disconnected from the platform, creating a high, narrow atrium with the lower space, which naturally becomes the front of the space. The layout of the space is based on this front facade, balanced with the free atmosphere of a pop-up shop for an indie brand. The business formats of this scenic area are supposed to be changed. We hope our design can provide strong flexibility, adapting to unknown spatial conditions by adjusting the forms and the layout of the units.