朝日町町町馆项目/21计划

朝日町町町馆项目/21计划
Machikado Project in Asahi-cho / Plan 21

社区营造的先锋探索： 朝日町町町馆项目/21计划的核心价值在于其对社区营造的深刻理解和实践。项目突破了传统住宅设计的孤立性，尝试将六栋住宅组织成一个互联互通的整体。通过共享花园、可食用的公共空间，项目成功地将道路转化为社区的纽带，而非简单的交通通道。这种设计理念是对现代城市住宅“孤岛化”的一种反思和回应，旨在重建人与人、人与自然之间的联系。项目在设计中，考虑到了居住者的共同生活体验，鼓励居民之间的互动和交流，从而构筑起一个更具活力和凝聚力的社区。

设计策略的精妙之处： 该项目的精髓在于其对场地和建筑设计的巧妙结合。面对场地限制，设计师没有简单地妥协，而是创造性地利用了“共享花园”的概念，将原本的道路空间转化为公共领域。这种设计策略不仅解决了技术上的难题，更重要的是，它赋予了社区新的生命力。同时，设计师还保留了场地原有的栗树和柑橘树，并计划种植更多的果树，将公共空间打造成“可食用的花园”。这种对自然的尊重和利用，不仅美化了环境，更增强了居民对社区的归属感和参与感。

对传统智慧的致敬与创新： 该项目展现了对传统建筑智慧的深刻理解和尊重。设计师从渔村和农村聚落的旧平面图中汲取灵感，认识到建筑的骨架和整体布局的重要性。在设计中，项目强调“规范骨架而非计划”，为不同居住者的生活方式留有弹性。这种设计理念是对标准化、同质化住宅的反思，鼓励个性化和多样性。六栋住宅虽然由三种类型的骨架构成，但通过单坡屋顶方向的差异，最终呈现出连绵起伏的村落景观，体现了设计师对整体性和个体性的巧妙平衡，创造出一种既统一又富于变化的视觉效果。

建筑师提供的文字描述公园。
Text description provided by the architects. A single house alone cannot create a rich living environment. The Machikado Project is a project that aims to create a good living environment by designing a group of houses. This article introduces the "Machikado" project consisting of six houses in Asahi-cho, Kagamigahara City, Japan. The roads there become gardens, and the gardens of each house are connected to each other, making the whole area look like a park.

© Akira Ueda

如今，日本的房屋在每个地点都是分开建造的，就像孤岛一样，因此，我认为我们失去了在共同环境中生活的智慧和创造力。我们想恢复社区景观和支撑它的结构，就像旧村庄一样。
Today, Japanese houses are built separately on each site, like isolated islands, and as a result, I think we have lost the wisdom and ingenuity to live in a shared environment. We wanted to restore the community landscape and the structure that supports it, as in the old villages.

© Akira Ueda

Model

© Akira Ueda

我们很幸运地发现了一块1395平方米的土地，土地所有者也赞同Machikado，所以我们能够在土地所有者的房子建在一个角落的条件下开始这个项目。包括土地所有者的房子在内，总共有六栋房子，每栋房子的占地面积约为230平方米。
We were fortunate to come across a plot of land measuring 1,395 square meters, and the landowner was also sympathetic to the idea of Machikado, so we were able to start the project on the condition that the landowner's house be built in one corner. Including the landowner's house, there are a total of six houses, with each house having a plot area of about 230 m².

© Akira Ueda

设计一组房子有很多问题。首先，所有房屋都必须有至少2米的临街面积，因此房屋不能随意散落在一个大的场地上。然而，修建一条公共道路进入现场遭到了阻力。
There are many problems with designing a group of houses. First of all, all houses are required to have a road frontage of at least 2m, so houses cannot be scattered freely on a large site. However, there was resistance to drawing a public road into the site.

© Akira Ueda

因此，考虑了以下解决方案。换句话说，除路边的两栋房屋外，后面的四栋房屋所需的道路宽度为每栋2米，总共8米。这条8米长的进场道路被捆绑在一起，形成了一个巨大的共享花园，作为一个公共空间。此外，土地上还生长着老栗树和柑橘树。所以，我们决定种更多的果树，把公共空间变成一个“可食用的花园”
So, the following solution was considered. In other words, the road width required for the four houses at the back, excluding the two houses on the roadside, is 2m each, for a total of 8m. This 8m of access road was bundled together and made into a large shared garden as a common space. In addition, there were old chestnut trees and mandarin orange trees growing on the land. So, we decided to plant more fruit trees and turn the common space into an "edible garden."

© Akira Ueda

当你体验设计“街角”时，你会意识到你之前设计独立屋的经验不是很有用。相反，暗示在于过去联排别墅和农舍的“建设”。当你看渔村和农村定居点的旧平面图时，你可以看到房子的框架和方向比单个平面图更重要。在那里，结构（骨架）是第一位的，个人的生活方式（计划）是后来发现的。我认为我们的前辈们认为，在共享环境的同时，相邻建造房屋会更有利。以他们为例，我们还考虑了“规范骨架而不是计划”
When you experience designing "street corners," you realize that your previous experience designing detached houses is not very useful. Rather, the hint lies in the "construction" of townhouses and farmhouses of the past. When you look at old floor plans of fishing villages and rural settlements, you can see that the framework and orientation of the house are more important than the individual plans. There, the structure (skeleton) comes first, and individual lifestyles (plans) are discovered later. I think our predecessors decided that it would be more advantageous for houses to be built next to each other while sharing the environment. Following their example, we also thought of "standardizing the skeleton rather than the plan."

© Akira Ueda

Floor Plan

© Akira Ueda

这六栋房子由三种类型的骨架组成：3.5 x 4.5个隔间，3.5 x 4个带有“独立建筑”的隔间，以及角落上的4.5个隔间。所有六栋房子都有单坡屋顶，屋顶的方向从东到西、从北到南各不相同。因此，六栋房屋的屋顶形成了波浪状的轮廓，创造了一个连续的村庄景观。
The six houses are made up of three types of skeletons: 3.5 x 4.5 bays, 3.5 x 4 bays with a "detached building," and 4.5 bays on a corner. All six houses have single-pitch roofs, and the direction of the roofs varies from east to west, north to south. As a result, the roofs of the six houses form a wave-like silhouette, creating a continuous village landscape.