被动房Lliçàde Vall/当地建筑

被动房Lliçàde Vall/当地建筑
Passive House Lliçà de Vall / Arquitectura Local

项目选址与环境和谐：该项目最引人注目的亮点在于其对环境的敏感性与回应。建筑师选择了一个被森林碎片环绕的场地，充分考虑了地形地貌，并对原有植被进行谨慎的平衡。这种对自然环境的尊重体现在设计理念中，即将自然作为设计的基本条件，强调内部与外部空间的互动关系。通过照片可以看出，建筑与周围环境融为一体，并未破坏原有的自然景观，反而形成了一种和谐共生的关系。这种设计理念体现了对可持续发展的深刻理解，以及对人与自然关系的思考，是现代建筑设计中非常值得推崇的。

被动式设计策略的精妙运用：项目的核心在于其被动式设计策略的巧妙运用。建筑师通过高性能外壳和热惯性的设计，最大限度地减少了对主动供暖系统的依赖。这不仅降低了建筑的能源消耗，也体现了对被动房设计理念的深刻理解和实践。设计者巧妙地利用门廊遮挡阳光直射，同时通过交叉通风来维持室内舒适度，这是一种对自然环境的智慧利用。这种设计策略不仅降低了成本，还提高了建筑的整体可持续性。项目的成功证明了，即使在预算有限的情况下，也可以通过精心的设计实现高水平的舒适度和能源效率。

空间布局与材料运用的简约与高效：该项目的另一个精髓在于其空间布局的简约性和材料运用的高效性。建筑师设计了两个水平面，创造了一个被遮蔽的生活空间，并在屋顶下设置了四个陶瓷盒子来界定私密区域。这种布局既保证了功能的流畅性，又创造了开放的社交空间。在有限的预算下，建筑师通过简化系统，去除不必要的元素，并最大限度地发挥材料的潜力。中央壁炉和吊扇就足以满足全年的舒适需求，这体现了设计团队在资源有限的情况下，依然能够通过巧妙的设计实现功能最大化的能力。

建筑师提供的文字描述研究场地位于一块平缓起伏的地块上，略高于街道水平，地形位置优越。它被森林碎片的残骸所包围，这些碎片经受住了强烈的人为城市化的影响。在与客户的初步会面中，发现此类保存空间的罕见性得到了强调。虽然存在这样的角落，但识别它们需要仔细搜索，因为具有这些特征的情节并不是每天都能到达我们的工作室。
Text description provided by the architects. On a gently undulating plot, slightly elevated above street level and with a dominant topographical position, lay the site under study. It was framed by remnants of forest fragments that had withstood the impact of intense anthropogenic urbanization. During the initial meetings with the clients, the rarity of finding such preserved spaces was highlighted. While such corners existed, identifying them required a careful search, as plots with these characteristics did not arrive at our studio every day.

从一开始，前提就被明确界定：自然将建立基本条件。内部和外部之间的关系成为设计的指导原则。
From the outset, the premises were clearly defined: nature would establish the fundamental conditions. The relationship between the interior and exterior became the guiding principle for the design.

保护树木被认为是一种选择，但这真的是最佳选择吗？可能不会。无条件保护松树可能会影响房屋高效运行所需的基本太阳能增益。必须在现有植被方面取得谨慎的平衡。
The conservation of the trees was considered an option, but was it truly the most optimal choice? Probably not. The unconditional preservation of the pines could affect the essential solar gain necessary for the efficient functioning of the house. A careful balance had to be struck regarding the existing vegetation.

这所房子的设计基于基本前提，以创造两个水平面为中心，提供一个有遮蔽的生活空间。膨胀的屋顶延伸到围墙之外，使立面平面非物质化。
The house was designed based on basic premises, centered on the creation of two horizontal planes that would offer a sheltered living space. The expansive roof extends beyond the enclosures to dematerialize the facade planes.

在屋顶下，四个陶瓷盒子定义了更私密的区域。通过这种方式，在盒子之间创造了一个开放的空间，足够宽敞，可以容纳白天的节目，确保功能性和流畅的布局。
Beneath the roof, four ceramic boxes define the more private areas. In this way, an open space is created between the boxes, spacious enough to accommodate the daytime program, ensuring a functional and fluid layout.

在预算紧张的情况下，目标是尽可能简化所有系统，去除不必要的元素。这种方法对工作室来说是一个重大挑战，通过调整需求和最大限度地发挥所用材料的潜力，证明了在有限资源下建造的可行性。
With a tight budget, the goal was to simplify all systems as much as possible, stripping away unnecessary elements. This approach represented a significant challenge for the studio, demonstrating the feasibility of building with limited resources by adapting needs and maximizing the potential of the materials used.

外壳的热惯性，再加上外壳的高性能，使我们能够省去加热系统。只有中央壁炉才能提供必要的舒适感。夏季的高温可以通过门廊来缓解，门廊可以防止直接辐射，而交叉通风可以确保气流保持最佳舒适度。
The thermal inertia of the enclosures, combined with the high performance of the envelope, allowed us to dispense with heating systems. Only a central fireplace provides the necessary comfort. The high temperatures in summer are mitigated by porches that protect from direct radiation, while cross-ventilation ensures airflow to maintain optimal comfort.

该项目是工作室工作的典范，表明在不诉诸复杂和昂贵的系统的情况下，可以实现高水平的舒适度。良好的设计和高性能外壳的投资相结合，最大限度地减少了能源需求，消除了对与空气热能相关的供暖等系统的需求，在这种情况下，这些系统仅限于家用热水（DHW）生产。用餐区的中央布局被隔间包围，确保了设计的紧凑性，只需一个壁炉和吊扇，就可以全年保持舒适。这种方法表明，高效的设计保证了舒适性和可持续性，而不会产生不必要的额外成本。
This project is paradigmatic of the studio's work, demonstrating that it is possible to achieve a high level of comfort without resorting to complex and costly systems. The combination of good design and investment in a high-performance envelope minimizes energy demand, eliminating the need for systems such as heating linked to aerothermal energy, which in this case is exclusively limited to domestic hot water (DHW) production. The central layout of the dining area, surrounded by cubicles, ensures the compactness of the design, allowing comfort to be maintained throughout the year with just a single fireplace and ceiling fans. This approach demonstrates that efficient design guarantees comfort and sustainability without incurring unnecessary additional costs.