路易丝·米歇尔学校综合体/Marjan Hessamfar

路易丝·米歇尔学校综合体/Marjan Hessamfar和Joe Vérons建筑师协会
Louise Michel School Complex / Marjan Hessamfar & Joe Vérons architectes associés

整体布局与城市肌理的巧妙融合：该项目最令人印象深刻的是其对城市肌理的尊重与创新。设计者并未将学校孤立于社区之外，而是通过L形的布局，将学校与周围环境有机地连接起来，创造了与城市其他区域的对话，同时打开了与西侧和南侧的联系。这种“学校公园”的设计理念，将景观融入建筑，模糊了室内外空间的界限。种植的土堆、绿植覆盖的立面和屋顶，以及贯穿整个地块的绿化，不仅美化了环境，还营造出一种开放、友好的氛围，有助于提升社区的整体形象，并可持续地改善当地居民的生活环境。

景观与建筑的和谐统一：项目的核心在于景观的巧妙运用。种植的堤岸作为建筑的基底，划分了公共空间和教学区域，营造出自然的隔离感。植物元素贯穿建筑的立面，甚至延伸到屋顶，形成了一个“第五立面”，为学校的各个区域提供了绿色的视野，体现了设计师对自然的深刻理解。同时，水平线条的建筑语言、宽阔的屋檐、玻璃立面以及垂直的脊线，共同构筑了坚固的矿物风格，在视觉上与周围环境形成对比，更强调了建筑的现代感和独特性。这种景观与建筑的和谐统一，为孩子们创造了一个充满生机和活力的学习环境。

可持续与灵活性的完美结合：该项目在设计之初就充分考虑了能源效率、可扩展性和碳足迹。建筑采用了E+C级E3C1标准，并获得了法国“生物源建筑”标签的1级认证。设计者大量使用了生物基材料，如木材和软木，并通过屋顶的太阳能电池板提供可再生能源，体现了对环保理念的实践。此外，项目还充分考虑了未来的变化，平面布局、隔墙、整体结构和立面均经过精心设计，确保了建筑的耐久性、灵活性和可扩展性。混凝土柱梁系统的选择，也为内部空间提供了开放性和模块化的可能性，使其可以根据未来的需求进行灵活调整。

建筑师提供的文字描述路易丝·米歇尔幼儿园和小学是波尔多奥比尔“优先”区城市更新计划的一个标志性特征，该区以20世纪70年代的公寓楼为特征。我们致力于设计一个设施，这将有助于积极重新定义该地区的形象，并可持续地改善当地居民的生活环境。
Text description provided by the architects. The Louise Michel nursery and primary school is an emblematic feature of the urban renewal scheme for the Aubiers "priority" district in Bordeaux, characterized by 1970s apartment blocks. We have worked to design a facility that would help to positively redefine the image of the area and sustainably improve the living environment for local residents.

该项目在不同规模之间建立了对话，并将该地区与城市的其他地区重新连接起来，开辟了与西部和南部的联系。它被设计成一个“学校公园”，通过景观导向的建筑将内部和外部融为一体，其中绿化起着关键作用，成为一个决定性的元素。沿着地块北部和西部边界的L形布局创造了一个景观视角，为学校的操场和室内空间提供了尽可能多的阳光。
The project creates a dialogue between the different scales and reconnects the area with the rest of the city, opening up connections to the west and south. Designed as a "school-park", it mixes the inside and the outside through landscape-oriented architecture where greenery plays a key role and becomes a defining element. The L-shaped layout along the northern and western boundaries of the plot creates a landscaped perspective providing as much sunlight as possible into the playgrounds and indoor spaces of the school.

在整个地块周围，一系列种植的路堤紧贴着地形的斜坡，作为建筑的基础。这些建筑形成了公共空间与教室和游乐场之间的自然分隔。植物沿着建筑的所有立面继续种植，在一楼、上层甚至屋顶，屋顶被视为“第五立面”，为学校的所有区域提供了绿色前景。该项目的美学是坚定的矿物风格，其语言非常水平，宽阔的屋顶悬挑突出了这一点，为前院提供了防晒和遮蔽。学校的玻璃立面与这一悬挑融为一体，垂直的脊与它的节奏图案相呼应。在操场一侧，种植的河岸和悬挑让位于全高的开放式立面，立面上点缀着柱子，并由板条混凝土遮阳篷遮蔽。
All around the plot, an array of planted embankments hugging the slope of the terrain serves as the base for the building. These rises form a natural separation between public space and the classrooms and playgrounds. The plantings continue along all the facades of the building, on the ground floor, the upper level and even the roof, which is treated as a 'fifth facade,' providing all the areas of the school with a green foreground. The project's aesthetic is assertively mineral and its language very horizontal, accentuated by the wide roof overhang providing protection from the sun and sheltering the forecourt. The school's glass façade fits under this overhang, with vertical spines echoing its rhythmic pattern. On the playground side, the planted banks and overhang give way to a full-height open façade punctuated by columns and sheltered by a slatted concrete awning.

一楼和一楼呈阶梯状上升。该建筑的西翼地面设有幼儿园，并通往操场。它的种植屋顶由土堆和地形特征的图案定义，创造了有趣布局的差异化空间，为学生提供了一个靠近小学教室的真正花园。北翼有两层。一楼设有部分幼儿园、食堂和小学的行政、多用途和课外区域，而上层则设有小学教室。内部空间围绕两个露台布置，引入自然阳光，照亮流通区域。每所学校都有自己的操场，点缀着树木、植物、软木地板的游乐区和长凳。两个游乐场之间的边界设计受到了特别关注。作为一般景观的延续，它以一系列种植的土堆为特色，形成了一个绿色的噪音过滤网。
The ground floor and first floor rise in stepped formation. The ground-level west wing of the building houses the nursery school and opens onto the playground. Its planted roof, defined by a pattern of mounds and topographical features that create differentiated spaces laid out playfully, offers students a real garden near the primary school classrooms. The north wing is on two levels. The ground floor houses part of the nursery school, the canteen and the administrative, multi-use and extracurricular areas of the primary school, while the upper level houses the primary school classrooms. The interior spaces are arranged around two patios which bring in natural sunlight and brighten the circulation areas. Each school has its playground, dotted with trees, plants, cork-floored play areas and benches. Special care has been taken over the design of the boundary between the two playgrounds. Treated as a continuation of the general landscaping, it features a series of planted mounds forming a green noise-filtering screen.

学校建筑群的设计考虑到了能源效率、可扩展性和碳足迹，被标记为E+C级E3C1，达到了法国“生物源建筑”标签的1级。只要有可能，就会使用生物基材料，特别是木材（木纤维天花板、木毛隔热材料、油毡地板、木制内门、家具和覆层以及软木制成的游乐区），屋顶上的230块太阳能电池板提供可再生能源。预计未来的变化，平面图和隔墙以及整体结构和立面的设计都是为了确保建筑的耐用性、灵活性和可扩展性。考虑到这一点，我们选择了混凝土柱梁系统，其优点是提供开放式、模块化的内部空间。
Designed with energy efficiency, scalability and carbon footprint firmly in mind, the school complex is labelled E+C- level E3C1 and reached level 1 of the « Biosourced Building » French label. Bio-based materials, particularly wood, were used whenever possible (wood fibre ceilings, wood wool insulation, linoleum flooring, wooden interior doors, furniture and cladding, and play areas made of cork) and 230 solar panels on the roof provide renewable energy. Anticipating future changes, the floor plan and partitions as well as the overall structure and façades have been designed to ensure the durability, flexibility and scalability of the building. With this in mind, we opted for a concrete post-and-beam system which has the advantage of providing open-plan, modular interior spaces.