长寿村软广场/ZXD建筑事务所

长寿村软广场/ZXD建筑事务所
Soft Square in Changshou Village / ZXD Architects

创新的乡村公共空间设计：“长寿村软广场”是一个极具创新性的乡村公共空间项目。建筑师朱小笛通过在池塘上建造大型编织绳网结构，创造了一个独特的公共空间。这个“软广场”不仅与周围道路无缝融合，还为游客和村民提供了全新的体验。绳网的独特特性要求人们谨慎行走，产生有趣的互动，将被动感知转化为主动参与，让人们在这里找到归属感，与乡村互动。

功能与意义的完美结合：该项目不仅适应了乡村的日常生活，融合了旅游娱乐功能，还具有深厚的精神意义。七个圆形混凝土支架和额外钢支撑的设计优化了绳网结构并降低了成本，同时确保了用户的安全和舒适。“软广场”是连接和情感表达的重要场所，具有文化和社会意义，展示了公共空间在特定时间和空间背景下与特定社区产生共鸣的价值。

建筑师提供的文字描述前言。中国的乡村振兴计划强调利用城市资源支持农村发展。一项关键战略涉及发展旅游业，以吸引资本和产业，促进文化参与，促进人口保留，并促进农村地区新居民的定居。将文化项目融入农村环境是这方面的新尝试。在深圳市坪山区长寿村，备受尊敬的中国表演艺术工作室龙马工作室已开始尝试建立戏剧公社。这个公社旨在成为定期农村艺术表演的中心，包括从创作和排练到上演戏剧的整个过程。为了支持这一努力，并适应越来越多的观众和游客，建筑师朱小笛受委托指导村庄的总体规划和关键区域的设计。
Text description provided by the architects. Preface. China's rural revitalization initiative emphasizes leveraging urban resources to support rural development. A key strategy involves developing tourism to attract capital and industries, foster cultural engagement, promote population retention, and facilitate the settlement of new residents in rural areas. Integrating cultural projects into rural settings is a new attempt in this regard. In Changshou Village, located in the Pingshan District of Shenzhen, the esteemed Chinese performing art studio, Longma Studio, has embarked on an experimental endeavor to establish a theater commune. This commune is intended to serve as a hub for regular rural art performances, encompassing the entire process from creation and rehearsal to staging dramas. To support this endeavor and accommodate the increasing number of audiences and tourists, architect Zhu Xiaodi was commissioned to steer the village's overall planning and the design of key areas.

Plan

现场概述。长寿村位于深圳东北部的平山丘陵地带。演出场地位于江家客家楼，这是村里的一座传统建筑群。这座8000平方米的建筑建于清朝乾隆年间，以典型的广东住宅布局为特色，依山傍水。虽然部分房屋完好无损，但其他房屋已被拆除。长寿村的鸟瞰图揭示了其由农业根源形成的空间结构，显示了每户独立的房屋系统、狭窄的道路和缺乏开放的公共空间。几十年来，由于市场经济的影响，原本狭窄的村庄入口、街道、小巷和池塘已经失去了聚集人们的魅力。
Site Overview. Changshou Village is situated in a hilly area of Pingshan in northeast Shenzhen. The performance venue is positioned in Jiang's Hakka Houses, a traditional architectural complex in the village. Built during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, this 8,000-square-meter compound features a typical Cantonese residential layout, nestled against a mountain and embracing a pond. While parts of the houses remain intact, others have been demolished. The aerial views of Changshou Village reveal its spatial fabric shaped by agricultural roots, showing independent house systems of each household, narrow roads, and a lack of open public spaces. Over the decades, the originally cramped village entrance, streets, lanes, and pond have lost their charm of gathering people due to the impact of the market economy.

客家房屋前的池塘被租作私人鱼塘。它的自然海岸线被石头和混凝土所取代，并在周边安装了不锈钢栏杆，以保护行人和车辆的安全，从根本上改变了池塘的外观和在村庄中的作用。这些改变与乡村环境相冲突，破坏了自然景观，造成了乡村公共空间的疏离感。
The pond in front of the Hakka houses was leased as a private fish pond. Its natural shoreline was replaced by stone and concrete, and stainless steel railings were installed along its periphery to protect pedestrians and vehicles' safety, fundamentally changing the pond’s appearance and role in the village. These alterations clashed with the rural settings and disrupted the natural landscape, causing a sense of alienation in the rural public space.

龙马工作室的演出预计将对平山区长寿村乃至更广泛的深圳产生重大影响，有可能演变成一场重大的文化活动，激发当地人对戏剧和乡村文化生活的兴趣。与此同时，这将带来预期的游客涌入，对长寿村本已拥挤的公共空间构成挑战。如何在容纳这些游客的同时，缓解当地村民和游客之间的潜在冲突，已成为一个迫切关注的问题。在过去，池塘在中国南方丘陵地区的传统村落中起着至关重要的作用。它们是饮用水、洗涤和防火的来源。此外，它们还提供了景观和风水效益，是村庄内必不可少的公共空间和情感纽带。然而，由于城市化的生活方式，池塘已经成为孤立的“鱼塘”，僵化的边界切断了视觉和物理上的水资源，限制了公众的可用性和互动。
Longma Studio's performances are expected to significantly impact Changshou Village, Pingshan District, and even broader Shenzhen, potentially evolving into a major cultural event that ignites local interest in drama and rural cultural life. Meanwhile, this will bring anticipated influx of tourists, posing challenges to the already cramped public spaces in Changshou Village. How to accommodate these visitors while mitigating potential conflicts between local villagers and tourists has become an urgent concern. In the past, ponds played a vital role in traditional villages in the hilly regions of Southern China. They served as sources of drinking water, washing, and fire prevention. Additionally, they provided landscape and Feng Shui benefits, and were essential public spaces and emotional bonds within the village. However, due to urbanized lifestyles, ponds have become isolated "fish ponds," with rigid boundaries cutting off visual and physical access to water, limiting public availability and interaction.

仅仅恢复池塘的原始海岸线既不可行，也没有实际意义。拆除栏杆将危及村民和游客的安全。此外，越来越多的游客需要更多的公共空间，这不仅是为了满足他们对戏剧的兴趣，也是为了让他们体验和沉浸在乡村生活中。2023年8月，建筑师朱小笛和他的团队参观了该场地，并根据他们对池塘的调查和分析提出了一项空间改善计划。该方案得到了平山市政府和龙马工作室的大力支持。
Merely restoring the pond's original shoreline is neither feasible nor practically meaningful. Removing the railings would compromise the safety of villagers and tourists. Additionally, the increasing number of visitors necessitates more public spaces, not only to accommodate their interest in drama but also to allow them to experience and immerse in rural life. In August 2023, architect Zhu Xiaodi and his team visited the site and proposed a space improvement plan based on their investigation and analysis of the pond. This scheme received strong support from the Pingshan Government and Longma Studio.

创造一个柔软的广场。朱小笛的创新理念是在池塘上建造一个大型编织绳网结构。这个装置与周围的道路无缝融合，创造了一个广阔的广场，成为村里新的公共空间。绳网由抗拉强度高达90KN的超低延展性材料制成，可以支持行走、站立、坐下或躺下等各种活动。这种设计提供了一种创新的公共空间构建方式，为游客和村民提供了一个独特的放松和与自然交流的体验。这个建筑装置被恰如其分地命名为“软广场”
Creation of a Soft Square. Zhu Xiaodi's innovative concept involves constructing a large woven rope net structure over the pond. This installation seamlessly integrates with the surrounding roads, creating an expansive square that becomes a new public space in the village. The rope net, made of ultra-low-ductility material with a tensile strength of up to 90KN, can support various activities such as walking, standing, sitting, or lying down. This design offers an innovative way of constructing public space, providing a unique experience for tourists and villagers to relax and commune with nature. This architectural installation is aptly named "Soft Square."

在绳网上移动需要平衡和谨慎。虽然网柔软安全，但其独特的网状结构要求人们谨慎行走，避免引发类似蝴蝶效应的摆动，创造出一种新颖的体验。由于绳网的独特特性，每个人的脚步都可以被自己和他人感受到，从而产生有趣的互动，并将被动感知转化为主动参与。随着人们适应绳网，他们被鼓励释放自己，自由探索。它不仅是一张横跨池塘的网，也是个体之间的纽带，在长寿村将欢乐和回忆编织在一起。这个“软广场”让人们暂时忘记自己的身份，模糊了彼此之间的界限。此刻，无论是城市人还是当地村民，每个人都在这张绳网上找到了归属感，与乡村互动。在这里，他们体验到平等和快乐，用温暖的问候彼此靠近。
Moving on the rope net requires balance and caution. Although the net is soft and safe, its unique mesh structure demands that people tread cautiously to avoid triggering a sway, akin to a butterfly effect, creating a novel experience. Due to the unique properties of the rope mesh, each individual's steps can be felt by themselves and others, resulting in fun interactions and transforming passive perception into active participation.As people adjust to the rope net, they are encouraged to release themselves and explore freely. It is not only a net that spans over the pond, but also a bond between individuals, weaving joy and memories together in Changshou Village. This "Soft Square" allows people to temporarily forget their identities, blurring the boundaries between each other. At this moment, whether urbanites or local villagers, everyone finds a sense of belonging on this rope net, engaging with the countryside. Here, they experience equality and pleasure, becoming closer to one another with warm greetings.

绳网为人们提供了一个宁静的地方，可以悠闲地凝视广阔的天空，俯瞰池塘，观看下面游动的鱼和盛开的莲花。傍晚，他们可以等待和欣赏冉冉升起的月亮，它的倒影在宁静的水面上闪闪发光。为了优化绳网的结构并降低成本，在池塘内设计了七个圆形混凝土支架，缩短了绳网的跨度。这些混凝土结构周围的额外钢支撑平衡了网施加在池塘边缘的水平张力。绳索之间120毫米的网间距确保了所有年龄段用户的安全和舒适。主网下方有一个细长的副网，可以防止物品落入池塘。绳网上设有两个可开启的出入口，便于日常维护。尽管有了新的绳网，但池塘仍然保留了鱼塘的功能及其在村庄供水系统中的重要作用。
The rope mesh offers a serene spot for people to leisurely gaze at the vast sky, overlook the pond, and watch the swimming fish and blooming lotus flowers below. In the evening, they can wait for and appreciate the rising moon, its reflection shimmering on the serene water. To optimize the rope net's structure and reduce costs, seven circular concrete supports were designed within the pond, shortening the net's span. Additional steel supports around these concrete structures balance the horizontal tension exerted by the net on the pond's edges. The net's 120mm spacing in between ropes ensures safety and comfort for users of all ages. A secondary slender net beneath the main one prevents items from falling into the pond. Two openable entrances and exits set on the rope net facilitate daily maintenance. Despite the new rope net, the pond retains its function as a fish pond and its essential role in the village's water system.

总结。公共空间不是一个静态的实体，也不是一个有明确边界的封闭系统。相反，它是一个开放、包容、不断进化的有机体，不断被探索和扩展。“软广场”建筑装置不仅适应了乡村的日常生活，融合了各种旅游娱乐功能，而且具有深厚的精神意义。它是连接和情感表达的重要场所，表明空间的意义往往在特定的时间和空间背景下与特定的社区产生共鸣。除了功能属性，这个空间还具有文化和社会意义。
Summary. Public space is not a static entity, nor is it a closed system with clearly defined boundaries. Instead, it is an open, inclusive, ever-evolving organism that is continuously explored and expanded. The "Soft Square" architectural installation not only accommodates the daily life of the countryside and integrates various functions of tourism and entertainment, but also holds deep spiritual significance. It serves as an important place for connection and emotional expression, demonstrating that the meaning of space often resonates with specific communities in a particular time and space context. Beyond functional attributes, this space holds cultural and social significance.